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<taxon>
	<dc:identifier>FB-6375</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6375</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Cypriniformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Leuciscidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Vimba</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Vimba vimba (Linnaeus, 1758)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fa'>Kuli</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fa'>Siah Kuli</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pl'>Certa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='bg'>Morrunash</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='bg'>Morunaj</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='cs'>Hustera</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='cs'>Nosal</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='cs'>Nosál</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='cs'>Padoustev</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='cs'>Paroustev</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='cs'>Podoustev nosák</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='cs'>Podoustev nosatá</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='cs'>Podoustev obecná</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='cs'>Podoustev rícní</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='cs'>Podoustev říční</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Almindelig vimme</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Vimme</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Aßling</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Blaunase</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Gäse</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Halnfisch</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Meernase</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Nase</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Näsling</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Nesen</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Pretien</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Rheinankel</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Russnase</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Silberzehrte</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Sindel</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Wurmfisch</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Zährte</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Zärte</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Baltic vimba</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Vimba</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Vimba bream</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Zährte</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Zanthe</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Zarte</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Vimb</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fi'>Vimpa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Brème de la mer Noire</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Serte</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Vimbe</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='he'>קרפיון וימבה</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='hr'>Nosara</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='hu'>Szilvaorrú keszeg</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='is'>Strandslabbi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='lv'>vimba</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='lt'>žiobris</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>Rybets</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>Syrt</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>Syrt'</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>вимба</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>рыбец</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>Рыбец(=сырть)</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>сырть</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sr'>Plavonos buborak</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sk'>Nosál obycajný</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sv'>Vimma</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tr'>Eğrez</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tr'>Egrez baligi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tr'>Kara balik</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tr'>Karaburun balığı</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='uk'>Syrt</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='uk'>Рибець</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Blauwneus</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Gadína mavromáta</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Lostie</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Morunas</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Morunaş</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Ogrica</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Râbet</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Scobar de Dunare</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Seabre</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Suduc</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Tiganca</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>سياه كولي</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>小文鯿</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>小文鳊</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>文鯿</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>文鳊</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>里海文鯿</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>里海文鳊</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Abramis elongatus (non Valenciennes, 1844)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Abramis frivaldszkyi Heckel, 1843</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Abramis nordmannii Dybowski, 1862</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='ambiguous synonym'>Abramis parsa pontica Yashchenko, 1895</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Abramis tenellus Nordmann, 1840</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Abramis vimba (Linnaeus, 1758)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Acanthobrama mirabilis (non Ladiges, 1960)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Cyprinus carinatus Pallas, 1814</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Cyprinus persa Pallas, 1814</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Cyprinus serta Shaw, 1804</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Cyprinus vimba Linnaeus, 1758</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Cyprinus vimpa Strøm, 1784</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Cyprinus zerta Leske, 1774</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Leuciscus parvulus Valenciennes, 1844</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Vimba vimba bergi Velikokhatko, 1940</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Vimba vimba carinata (Pallas, 1814)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Vimba vimba persa (Pallas, 1814)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Vimba vimba tenella (Nordmann, 1840)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='ambiguous synonym'>Vimba vimba tenella abulyontis Battalgil, 1941</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='ambiguous synonym'>Vimba vimba tenella aphnitis Battalgil, 1941</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='ambiguous synonym'>Vimba vimba tenella istanbulensis Battalgil, 1941</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='ambiguous synonym'>Vimba vimba tenella karasuensis Tseeb &amp; Delyanure, 1938</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='ambiguous synonym'>Vimba vimba tenella sapancae Battalgil, 1941</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Vimba vimba vimba (Linnaeus, 1758)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='ambiguous synonym'>Vimba vimba vimba borysthenica Velikokhatko, 1940</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1992-08-31</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-01-25</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:description>Inhabits brackish estuaries, large to medium rivers and some large subalpine lakes.  Sedentary populations inhabit even in small rivers or barbel zone.  Feeds mainly on small molluscs and insect larvae.  Breeds in riffles in shallow, fast-flowing streams and rivers on gravel.  Semi-anadromous populations forage in freshened parts of sea and migrate for long distances to spawn.  Lacustrine populations move to fast-flowing tributaries.  Spent adults return to foraging habitats (Ref. 59043).  Threatened from its range due to water obstruction (Ref. 26100).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='978-2-8399-0298-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=59043&amp;speccode=6375'>Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Diagnosed from its congeners in Europe by the following characters: anal fin with 16-21½ branched rays; back keeled behind dorsal base; in spawning season, males blackish brown with orange cheek and sometimes belly (Ref. 59043).  Caudal fin with 19 soft rays.  Scalar formula:  49-64, 6-10 (Ref. 40476).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='2-85653653261' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40476&amp;speccode=6375'>Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coords.) 2001 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines naturels, 47:1-387. (Ref. 40476)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 3; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8 - 9;  Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 16 - 22</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='2-85653653261' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40476&amp;speccode=6375'>Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coords.) 2001 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines naturels, 47:1-387. (Ref. 40476)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Eurasia:  Caspian, Black, Marmara and Baltic Sea basins (Sweden and Finland north to 63°N), North Sea basin from Elbe to Ems drainages.  In Anatolia:  in Marmara basin, south to Great Menderes and Lake Egridir and east to Kızılırmak drainage.  Absent between Kızılırmak and Çoruh drainages.  Extirpated in Crimea.  Introduced in Rhine.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='978-2-8399-0298-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=59043&amp;speccode=6375'>Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>fisheries: minor commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='0-600-33476-7.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9696&amp;speccode=6375'>Vostradovsky, J. 1973 Freshwater fishes. The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited, London. 252 p. (Ref. 9696)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-913235-53-9' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4537&amp;speccode=6375'>Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4699&amp;speccode=6375'>International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Migration-6375</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1992-08-31 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title></dc:title>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6375</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous.    Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=138126&amp;speccode=6375'>Lassalle, G., M. Béguer, L. Baulaton and E. Rochard 2009 Learning from the past to predict the future: Responses of European diadromous fish to climate change. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 69:175-193. (Ref. 138126)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1992-08-31 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-10-21 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
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	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=6375&amp;StockCode=6694</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Produces 15,000-20,000 eggs at the age of 6-7 years (Ref. 12259).  Spawns for several years.  Semi-anadromous populations undertake long distance spawning migrations while lacustrine populations migrate to fast-flowing tributaries. In Dniepr and Kuban, migration starts in September, decreases in winter and resumes in March-May (Ref. 59043).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9953&amp;speccode=6375'>Sokolov, L.I. and L.S. Berdicheskii 1989 Acipenseridae. p. 150-153. In J. Holcík (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 1, Part II. General introduction to fishes Acipenseriformes. AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden. 469 p. (Ref. 9953)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-TrophicStrategy-6375</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Pascualita Sa-a</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1999-09-22 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2015-03-30 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>vimba</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>Feeds on invertebrates and plants (Ref. 26100).</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30578&amp;speccode=6375'>Billard, R. 1997 Les poissons d'eau douce des rivières de France. Identification, inventaire et répartition des 83 espèces. Lausanne, Delachaux &amp; Niestlé, 192p. (Ref. 30578)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-6375</dc:identifier>
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	<dcterms:created>1992-08-31 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-10-21 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6375</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>50.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 556)); max. published weight: 1,392 g (Ref. 35541); max. reported age: 15 years (Ref. 59043)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=556&amp;speccode=6375'>Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström 1968 Süßwasserfische. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München. 224 p. (Ref. 556)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35541&amp;speccode=6375'>The Swedish National Association of Anglers 2000 ("Storfiskregistret", "Sötvattensrekord"). http://www.sportfiskarna.se/ (25 august 2000). (Ref. 35541)</reference>
	<reference isbn='978-2-8399-0298-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=59043&amp;speccode=6375'>Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-6375</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1992-08-31 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-10-21 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
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	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6375</dc:source>
	<dc:description>benthopelagic; anadromous (Ref. 138126); freshwater; brackish</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=138126&amp;speccode=6375'>Lassalle, G., M. Béguer, L. Baulaton and E. Rochard 2009 Learning from the past to predict the future: Responses of European diadromous fish to climate change. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 69:175-193. (Ref. 138126)</reference></dataObject>
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