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	<dc:identifier>FB-64139</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=64139</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Elasmobranchii</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Myliobatiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Urolophidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Trygonoptera</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Trygonoptera imitata Yearsley, Last &amp; Gomon, 2008</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Black-spotted whipray</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Musttähn-nuutrai</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Himantura astra Last, Manjaji-Matsumoto &amp; Pogonoski, 2008</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Himantura toshi (non Whitley, 1939)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Himantura uarnak (non Forsskål, 1775)</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>2008-07-16</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2008-07-17</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='0-949742-80-5.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3131&amp;speccode=64149'>Sainsbury, K.J., P.J. Kailola and G.G. Leyland0 Continental shelf fishes of the northern and north-western Australia. An illustrated guide. CSIRO Division of Fisheries Research; Clouston &amp; Hall and Peter Pownall Fisheries Information Service, Canberra, Australia. 375 p. (Ref. 3131)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0 643 05143 0' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6871&amp;speccode=64149'>Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens0 Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6872&amp;speccode=64149'>Grant, E.0 Fishes of Australia. E. M. Grant PTY Limited, Queensland, Australia. (Ref. 6872)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9840&amp;speccode=64149'>Last, P.R. and L.J.V. Compagno0 Dasyatididae. Stingrays. p. 1479-1505. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9840)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1 86320 516 0' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58048&amp;speccode=64149'>White, W.T., P.R. Last, J.D. Stevens, G.K. Yearsley, Fahmi and Dharmadi0 Economically important sharks and rays of Indonesia. [Hiu dan pari yang bernilai ekonomis penting di Indonesia]. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, Australia. (Ref. 58048)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=76963&amp;speccode=64149'>Last, P.R., B.M. Majajii-Matsumoto and J.J. Pogonoski0 &lt;i&gt;Himantura astra&lt;/i&gt; sp. Nov., a new whipray (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae) from Northern Australia. In Last, P.R., White, W.T. &amp; Pogonoski, J.J. (eds.): Descriptions of New Australian Chondrichthyans. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper no. 22. (Ref. 76963)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105471&amp;speccode=64149'>eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=114953&amp;speccode=64149'>Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor0 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=115257&amp;speccode=64149'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=130435&amp;speccode=64149'>IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=132125&amp;speccode=64149'>Ferragut-Perello, F., S. Ramirez-Amaro, A.C. Tsikliras, N. Petit-Marty, D. Dimarchopoulou0 Exploitation and conservation status of the thornback ray (&lt;i&gt;Raja clavata&lt;/i&gt;) in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean). Fishes 8(2):117. (Ref. 132125)</reference><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-GeneralDescr-64149</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Estelita Emily Capuli</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2008-07-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2017-07-25 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=64149</dc:source>
	<dc:description>A demersal species found  inshore, over muddy bottoms or mangrove flats to 140 m depth.  Litters of 1-3 pups. Feeds mainly on prawns and crabs (Ref. 114953).  Birth size for this species is about 17-19 cm WD (Ref. 76963).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=76963&amp;speccode=64149'>Last, P.R., B.M. Majajii-Matsumoto and J.J. Pogonoski 2008 &lt;i&gt;Himantura astra&lt;/i&gt; sp. Nov., a new whipray (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae) from Northern Australia. In Last, P.R., White, W.T. &amp; Pogonoski, J.J. (eds.): Descriptions of New Australian Chondrichthyans. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper no. 22. (Ref. 76963)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-64149</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Estelita Emily Capuli</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2008-07-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-11-05 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=64149</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Indo-West Pacific:  Australia, to West Papua, Indonesia; including Timor Sea (Ref. 76936); southern New Guinea (Ref. 114953).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=76963&amp;speccode=64149'>Last, P.R., B.M. Majajii-Matsumoto and J.J. Pogonoski 2008 &lt;i&gt;Himantura astra&lt;/i&gt; sp. Nov., a new whipray (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae) from Northern Australia. In Last, P.R., White, W.T. &amp; Pogonoski, J.J. (eds.): Descriptions of New Australian Chondrichthyans. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper no. 22. (Ref. 76963)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-64149</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Estelita Emily Capuli</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2008-07-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2017-07-25 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=64149</dc:source>
	<dc:description>180 cm WD (male/unsexed; (Ref. 76963))</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=76963&amp;speccode=64149'>Last, P.R., B.M. Majajii-Matsumoto and J.J. Pogonoski 2008 &lt;i&gt;Himantura astra&lt;/i&gt; sp. Nov., a new whipray (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae) from Northern Australia. In Last, P.R., White, W.T. &amp; Pogonoski, J.J. (eds.): Descriptions of New Australian Chondrichthyans. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper no. 22. (Ref. 76963)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Threats-2</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-64149</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Estelita Emily Capuli</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2008-07-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2017-07-25 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=64149</dc:source>
	<dc:description>benthopelagic; marine; depth range 1 - 141 m (Ref. 76963)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=76963&amp;speccode=64149'>Last, P.R., B.M. Majajii-Matsumoto and J.J. Pogonoski 2008 &lt;i&gt;Himantura astra&lt;/i&gt; sp. Nov., a new whipray (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae) from Northern Australia. In Last, P.R., White, W.T. &amp; Pogonoski, J.J. (eds.): Descriptions of New Australian Chondrichthyans. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper no. 22. (Ref. 76963)</reference></dataObject>
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