FB-6504 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6504 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Acanthuriformes Pomacanthidae Pomacanthus Pomacanthus imperator (Bloch, 1787) Klbou Ustniczek cesarski Lebre imperador Keiser-engelvis Anfouz imbrator Moscht Pata Ægte kejserfisk Imperator-Kaiserfisch Kaiserfisch Angel fish Angelfish Emperor angelfish Imperial angelfish Imperaator-ingelkala lati ni daveta Ange de mer impérial Holacanthe empereur Poisson ange empereur Poisson ange impérial Poisson-ange empereur Tatejima-kinchakudai Angel imperator Ayam hutan Bluestone asli Ikan babi Inggu Ketang Taring pelandok Taring-pelanduk jalur kuning Lafidaja Vola Sifisifi ангел императорский рыба-ангел императорская Tu'u'u-moana Tu'u'u-nuanua Tu'u'u-vaolo Äkta kejsarfisk Paraharaha குல்லோகொலிமீன் Baro-baro Paro-paro Paru-parang dagat Cá Bướm đế Cá Chim Hoàng đế Adlo Alibangbang Alibang-bang Badiangon Bit Boray-boray Cous-cous Dilar Guingham Handupholimas Harabalukokkamas Kapgo Kokaa Kulibangbang Navadni cesarček Ningúúngú Ngiungiu Ngungpaha Tapay tapay Tapel Tho Togougou Tugou 主刺盖鱼 主刺蓋魚 大花脸（幼鱼） 条纹盖刺鱼 條紋蓋刺魚 皇后神仙（成鱼） 皇帝 Acanthochaetodon imperator (Bloch, 1787) Acanthochaetodon nicobariensis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Chaetodon imperator Bloch, 1787 Chaetodon nicobariensis Bloch & Schneider, 1801 Holacanthus imperator (Bloch, 1787) Holacanthus nicobariensis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Pomacanthodes imperator (Bloch, 1787) Pomacanthus imperatur (Bloch, 1787) Pomacanthus nicobariensis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) 1992-11-03 2008-01-29 Herre, A.W.C.T.0 Check list of Philippine fishes. 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Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Coral reef fishes of Timor-Leste. p. 33-82. In G.R. Allen and M.V. Erdmann (eds). A rapid biological assessment of Timor-Leste. Conservation International. (Ref. 118793) Friedlander, A.M., J.E. Caselle, E. Ballesteros, E.K. Brown, A. Turchik and E. Sala0 The real bounty: marine biodiversity in the Pitcairn Islands. PLoS ONE 9(6):e100142. (Ref. 121505) Songco, A.0 Personal communication. Tubbataha species list. Excel file "MyReport_Species_21May2019". (Ref. 121724) University of Western Australia0 Benthic BRUVS data 2019. Video BRUVS from Jessica Meeuwig. (Ref. 122752) van der Elst, Rudy, Simon Chater and Dennis King0 Fishes from Bassas Da India Atoll in the Mozambique Channel. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 629. (Ref. 124899) Chan, T.T.C. and Y. Sadovy0 Profile of the marine aquarium fish trade in Hong Kong. Aquar. Sci. Conserv. 2(4):197-213. (Ref. 125588) Obota, C.O., B.M. Fulanda, G.M. Okemwa and E.N. Kimani0 Reproductive biology and body condition of exploited populations of Emperor Angelfish, <i>Pomacanthus imperator</i> (Bloch, 1787) along the Kenyan Coast. WIO Journal of Marine Science 15(2):19-30. (Ref. 126920) Hazes, B.0 Hazes' underwater photos. Collection of Philippine underwater photos. Unpublished. (Ref. 127519) Golani, D., E. Azurro, J. Dulčić, E. Massutí and L. Orsi-Relini0 Atlas of exotic fishes in the Mediterranean Sea. Second edition. [F. Briand, Ed.]. CIESM Publishers, Paris, Monaco, 365 pages. (Ref. 127989) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) To, A.W.L., K.S.H. Ching and S.K.H. Shea0 Hong Kong reef fish photo guide. Eco-Education and Resources Centre (Ref. 128523) Flandinette, P.0 Secret Seas Discovering the secrets of Oman's underwater world. Mazoon Printing, Publishing and Packaging LLC: Muscat, Oman. 239p. (Ref. 129713) Balisco, R.A.T., V.S. Ticzon, B.R. Samaniego, W.-C. Huang, B.J. Gonzales and T.-Y. Liao0 Marine fishes of Palawan, Philippines: species diversity, new records, and conservation status. Regional Studies in Marine Science 60(2023) 102825:1-10. (Ref. 130287) Béarez, P. and L. Bouffandeau0 Fishing for survival: The forgotten slaves of Tromelin Island (Indian Ocean). Int J Osteoarchaeol. 29:487-498. (Ref. 137464) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Petit-Marty, N., M. Vázquez-Luis and I.E. Hendriks0 Use of the nucleotide diversity in COI mitochondrial gene as an early diagnostic of conservation status of animal species. Conserv. Lett. 14(1):1-7. (Ref. 138103) FB-pic-6504-5831 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-10-05 2005-07-24 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6504 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Poimp_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Poimp_u1.jpg FB-pic-6504-10516 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif Robbie N. Cada 1993-07-01 2008-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6504 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Poimp_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Poimp_u0.gif FB-pic-6504-12190 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-10-27 2003-02-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6504 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Poimp_j3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Poimp_j3.jpg FB-pic-6504-12606 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-12-06 1999-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6504 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Poimp_j0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Poimp_j0.jpg FB-pic-6504-12607 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-12-06 1999-06-29 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6504 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Poimp_j1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Poimp_j1.jpg FB-pic-6504-12608 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-12-06 1999-07-06 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6504 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Poimp_j2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Poimp_j2.jpg FB-pic-6504-12609 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-12-06 1999-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6504 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Poimp_u6.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Poimp_u6.jpg FB-pic-6504-12610 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-12-06 1999-07-07 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6504 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Poimp_u7.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Poimp_u7.jpg FB-pic-6504-13208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1997-02-06 2023-09-21 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6504 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Poimp_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Poimp_u0.jpg FB-pic-6504-15584 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Rodolfo B. Reyes 1997-09-25 2008-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6504 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Poimp_u8.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Poimp_u8.jpg FB-pic-6504-24026 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1999-09-09 2005-07-29 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6504 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Poimp_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Poimp_u1.gif FB-pic-6504-30314 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Rachel C. Atanacio 2001-07-19 2008-07-30 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6504 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Poimp_uc.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Poimp_uc.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-6504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1992-11-03 00:00:00 2008-01-29 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6504 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Juveniles are encountered under ledges, or in holes of outer lagoon patch reefs or semi-protected areas of exposed channels and outer reef flats. Subadults move to reef front holes and surge channels. Large adults inhabit ledges and caves in areas of rich coral growth on clear lagoon, channel, or seaward reefs (Ref. 6113). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Feed on sponges and other encrusting organisms (Ref. 6113); also on tunicates. Form pairs. Young and adults may clean much larger fishes such as sunfish (Ref. 48636). Frequently exported through the aquarium trade. Juveniles are distinguished by a white dorsal-fin margin (Ref. 48391). Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-DiagnosticDescr-6504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-01-13 00:00:00 2013-04-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6504 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Description: Juveniles are bluish black with concentric white circles. Adults blue with close-set horizontal yellow stripes on the sides and the adjoining dorsal and anal fins. Snout white; eye enclosed in a black vertical bar with blue edge; pectoral fin base area also black. Transformation to the adult color pattern occurs over the size range 8 - 12 cm (Ref. 1602). Body depth 1.6-1.8 in SL. Scales longitudinal series about 90 (Ref. 90102). Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-Morphology-6504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-01-13 00:00:00 2013-04-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6504 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Dorsal spines (total): 13 - 14; Dorsal soft rays (total): 17 - 21; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 18 - 21 Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-Distribution-6504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-11-03 00:00:00 2025-04-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6504 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Line and Tuamoto islands, North to southern Japan and the Ogasawara Islands, South to the Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, and the Austral Islands (Ref. 33390). Mention from Hawaii Is., but likely to be aquarium releases (Ref. 58302). Not found in Easter Island, Rapa and the Marquesan Islands (Ref. 48391). Fricke, R. 1999 Fishes of the Mascarene Islands (Réunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez): an annotated checklist, with descriptions of new species. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Theses Zoologicae, Vol. 31:759 p. (Ref. 33390) FB-Uses-6504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1992-11-03 00:00:00 2008-01-29 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6504 fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial; price category: high; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family Edwards, A.J. and A.D. Shepherd 1992 Environmental implications of aquarium-fish collection in the Maldives, with proposals for regulation. Environ. Conserv. 19:61-72. (Ref. 4907) FB-TrophicStrategy-6504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-11-17 00:00:00 2024-01-31 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ imperator Juveniles are encountered under ledges, or in holes of outer lagoon patch reefs or semi-protected areas of exposed channels and outer reef flats. Subadults move to reef front holes and surge channels. Large adults inhabit ledges and caves in areas of rich coral growth on clear lagoon, channel, or seaward reefs. Feed on sponges, algae and other encrusting organisms (Refs. 6113, 127989). Also on tunicates. Lives individually or may form pairs (Also Ref. 127989). Young and adults may clean much larger fishes such as sunfish (Ref. 48636). Solitary. Dwells in coral and rocky reefs, hiding behind narrow cracks and crevices. Feeds on sponges, coral polyps and algae. Eggs are free-floating (Ref. 9773). Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-Size-6504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1992-11-03 00:00:00 2008-01-29 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6504 40.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 30573)); max. reported age: 14 years (Ref. 72479) Sommer, C., W. Schneider and J.-M. Poutiers 1996 FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of Somalia. FAO, Rome. 376 p. (Ref. 30573) Hinton 1962 Horned shark, gar, mormyriad, characin, carp, armored catfish, arowana, upside down catfish. Not given. (Ref. 72479) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-6504-4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-12 00:00:00 2003-09-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=6504&StockCode=6825 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Cauliflower Disease. Viral diseases Bassleer, G. 2000 Diseases in marine aquarium fish: causes, development, symptoms, treatment. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 96 p. Second edition. (Ref. 41806) FB-Habitat-6504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-11-03 00:00:00 2008-01-29 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6504 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 1 - 100 m (Ref. 48391) Pyle, R. 2001 Pomacanthidae: Angelfishes. p. 3266-3286. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). Rome, FAO. (Ref. 48391)