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<taxon>
	<dc:identifier>FB-6531</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6531</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Eupercaria/misc</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Sparidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Acanthopagrus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Acanthopagrus schlegelii (Bleeker, 1854)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Black porgy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Black sea bream</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Black seabream</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Blackhead seabream</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Mustpea-ogapagrus</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Pagre tête noire</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ja'>Kurodai</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ja'>Kuro-dai</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ko'>Kam-sǒng-dom</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ko'>감성돔</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Hǎi fù</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Hēi diāo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Hēi jiā jí</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>乌格</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>切氏黑鯛</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>切氏黑鲷</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>黑&amp;#55399;&amp;#56728;</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>黑棘鯛</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>黑棘鲷</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>黑沙&amp;#55399;&amp;#56728;</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>黑鯛</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>黑鱲</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>黑鲷</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Acanthopagrus schlegeli (Bleeker, 1854)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Acanthopagrus schlegelii czerskii (Berg, 1914)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Acanthopagrus schlegelii schlegelii (Bleeker, 1854)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Acanthopagrus swinhonis czerskii (Berg, 1914)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Chrysophrys schlegelii Bleeker, 1854</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Mylio macrocephalus (Basilewsky, 1855)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Pagrus macrocephalus Basilewsky, 1855</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Sparus macrocephalus (Basilewsky, 1855)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Sparus macrocephalus czerskii Berg, 1914</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Sparus swinhonis czerskii Berg, 1914</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1992-11-16</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2021-05-05</dcterms:modified>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101110&amp;speccode=6531'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105471&amp;speccode=6531'>eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=107945&amp;speccode=6531'>Cheung, W.L., R. Watson and D. Pauly0 Signature of ocean warming in global fisheries catch. Nature 497:365-368. (Ref. 107945)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=115257&amp;speccode=6531'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=116934&amp;speccode=6531'>Huh, S.H., J.M. Jeong and J.M. Park0 Length-weight and length-length relationships for six commercial fishes from southern Korean waters. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 33:649-651. (Ref. 116934)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=117610&amp;speccode=6531'>Jin, X.0 Long-term changes in fish community structure in the Bohai Sea, China. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 59:163-171. (Ref. 117610)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118272&amp;speccode=6531'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=119050&amp;speccode=6531'>Law, C.S.W. and Y. Sadovy de Mitcheson0 Reproductive biology of black seabream &lt;i&gt;Acanthopagrus schlegelii&lt;i&gt;, threadfin porgy &lt;i&gt;Evynnis cardinalis&lt;/i&gt; and red pargo &lt;i&gt;Pagrus major&lt;/i&gt; in the northern South China Sea with consideration of fishery status and management needs. J. Fish Biol. 91(1):101-125. (Ref. 119050)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=119275&amp;speccode=6531'>Law, C.S. and Y. Sadovy de Mitcheson0 Age and growth of black seabream &lt;i&gt;Acanthopagrus schlegelii&lt;/i&gt; (Sparidae) in Hong Kong and adjacent waters of the northern South China Sea. J. Fish Biol. 93(2):382-390. (Ref. 119275)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=119494&amp;speccode=6531'>Wilson, K.D.P.0 Artificial reefs and reef fish in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Friends of the Country Parks &amp; Cosmos Books Ltd., 176p. (Ref. 119494)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=119713&amp;speccode=6531'>Leung, A.W.Y.0 Temporal trends in fish abundance and species composition on an open access artificial reef in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: The University of Hong Kong, M.Phil. Thesis, 187p. (Ref. 119713)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=124057&amp;speccode=6531'>Vaughan, D.B. and K.W. Christison0 &lt;i&gt;Anoplodiscus&lt;/i&gt; Sonsino, 1890 (Monogenea: Anoplodiscidae): a new Australian species, and the first African record from South African hosts. Syst. Parasitol. 18 pp. (Ref. 124057)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=125515&amp;speccode=6531'>Nip, T.H.M. and C.K. Wong0 Juvenile fish assemblages in mangrove and non-mangrove soft-shore habitats in eastern Hong Kong. Zool. Stud. 49(6):760-778. (Ref. 125515)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=125536&amp;speccode=6531'>Fok, M.-S.M.0 Baseline survey of fish juvenile assemblages in Tolo Harbour and Channel, Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Pok Fu Lam, University of Hong Kong, MSc Thesis, 163 p. (Ref. 125536)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=125586&amp;speccode=6531'>Tam, M.C.0 Fish assemblages in fished and protected areas of Tung Ping Chau Marine Park, Hong Kong SAR. Hong Kong: Sha Tin, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, MSc Thesis, 308 p. (Ref. 125586)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=125589&amp;speccode=6531'>Chung, S.W.C., S.K. Tong, Y. Xiao and Y.Y. Ho0 Methylmercury and long-chain n-3 fatty acids of 88 fish species commonly consumed in Hong Kong. Journal of Analytical Science and Technology 6(5):1-9. (Ref. 125589)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=126271&amp;speccode=6531'>Leung, A.W.Y.0 The epibenthic ichthyofauna of Tolo Harbour and Hong Kong's northeastern waters: a long term record of change. pp. 463-487 In B. Morton (ed.) The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China IV, Proceedings of the Eight International Marine Biological Workshop, Hong Kong, 2-20 April 1995. Hong Kong University Press. (Ref. 126271)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=126997&amp;speccode=6531'>Hau, L.C.Y., K.K.Y. Ho and S.K.H. Shea0 Identification guide to live reef food fish in Hong Kong's wet markets. ADM Foundation, Choose Right Today and Swire Trust in partnership with Bloom, 113 p. (Ref. 126997)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=127777&amp;speccode=6531'>Kim, I.N., Y.J. Chang and J.Y. Kwon0 The patterns of oxygen consumption in six species of marine species. J. Korean Fish. Soc. 28(3):373-381. (Ref. 127777)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128523&amp;speccode=6531'>To, A.W.L., K.S.H. Ching and S.K.H. Shea0 Hong Kong reef fish photo guide. Eco-Education and Resources Centre (Ref. 128523)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128583&amp;speccode=6531'>Cheung, C.C.Y., R.K.L. Leung, C.S.W. Law, M.C.F. Cheng, K.K.Y. Ho, P.T.Y. Leung, J.C. Astudillo and K.M.Y. Leung0 Juvenile fish communities in coastal soft-bottom and shallow water habitats at the Tolo Harbour and Channel in Hong Kong, south China. Regional Studies in Marine Science 62(102917):1-9. (Ref. 128583)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1849954984' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128868&amp;speccode=6531'>Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. 	Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=129329&amp;speccode=6531'>Cornish, A.S.0 The reef fish species of the Cape D' Aguilar Marine Reserve, Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park, Yan Chau Tong Marine Park and Ping Chau, Hong Kong. pp. 369-382 In B. Morton (ed.) The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China V, Proceedings of the Tenth International Marine Biological Workshop, Hong Kong, 6-26 April 1998. Hong Kong University Press. (Ref. 129329)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=130275&amp;speccode=6531'>Petit-Marty, N., M. Liu, I.Z. Tan, A. Chung, B. Terrasa, B. Guijarro, F. Ordines, S. Ramirez-Amaro, E. Massuti and C. Schunter0 Declining population sizes and loss of genetic diversity in commercial fishes: a simple method for a first diagnostic. Frontiers in Marine Science 9(872537):1-11. (Ref. 130275)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=130311&amp;speccode=6531'>Wu, R., J. Liu, J. Fan and Y. Zhao0 Taxonomic status of the black porgy, &lt;i&gt;Acanthopagrus schlegelii&lt;/i&gt; (Perciformes: Sparidae) inferred from mitochondrial genes. African Journal of Biotechnology 11(25):6641-6646. (Ref. 130311)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=132227&amp;speccode=6531'>Tsuyuki, A. and T. Umimo0 Horizontal movements and home range of black sea bream &lt;i&gt;Acanthopagrus schlegelii&lt;/i&gt; in the natural coast of Hiroshima Bay, Japan. Fish. Sci. 90:169-177. (Ref. 132227)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137577&amp;speccode=6531'>Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137658&amp;speccode=6531'>Zhao, R., V.T.T. Lam, Y. Chen, J.Y.F. Sit, J. Li, K.M.Y. Leung and M. Yan0 A pilot study of fish biodiversity with a highlight of chondrichthyans in Hong Kong waters using environmental DNA metabarcoding. Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci. 86(104194):1-9. (Ref. 137658)</reference><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Found in bays, shallow rocky reefs, and in brackish waters (Ref. 41299).  Feeds on mollusks and polychaetes.  Spawns in the spring and summer months (Ref. 41299).  It is parasitised by the monogenean A. spari on the fins and body surface (Ref. 124057).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=559&amp;speccode=6531'>Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Cristina V. Garilao</agent>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 11 - 12; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11;  Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='4-486-01570-3' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41299&amp;speccode=6531'>Nakabo, T. 2002 Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, English edition I. Tokai University Press, Japan, pp v-866. (Ref. 41299)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Liza Q. Agustin</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1992-11-16 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6531</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription</subject>
	<dc:description>Northwest Pacific:  southern Hokkaido, Japan to the southern Korean Peninsula, middle and north coast of the Republic of China and Taiwan.  Not occurring in the Ryukyu Islands.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=559&amp;speccode=6531'>Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Liza Q. Agustin</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1992-11-16 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6531</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology</subject>
	<dc:description>fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='0-913235-53-9' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4537&amp;speccode=6531'>Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12108&amp;speccode=6531'>Garibaldi, L. 1996 List of animal species used in aquaculture. FAO Fish. Circ. 914. 38 p. (Ref. 12108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=559&amp;speccode=6531'>Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1992-11-16 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2021-05-05 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=6531&amp;StockCode=6852</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Sex change occurs at about 5 years of age (Ref. 36558).</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=6531'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-TrophicStrategy-6531</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Pascualita Sa-a</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1999-11-24 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2007-08-10 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:source>schlegelii</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Found near sandy bottoms of inner bays where it feeds on mollusks and polychaetes. Also enters brackish waters (Ref. 559). Feeds on fish, zoobenthos and plants (Ref. 26986).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26986&amp;speccode=6531'>Wu, R.S.S. 1984 The feeding habits of seven demersal fish species in a subtropical estuary. Asian Marine Biology 1:17-26. (Ref. 26986)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-6531</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Liza Q. Agustin</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1992-11-16 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2021-05-05 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6531</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>50.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 559)); max. published weight: 3,200 g (Ref. 40637)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=559&amp;speccode=6531'>Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40637&amp;speccode=6531'>IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Threats-2</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2004-03-03 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2004-03-03 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:description>Epitheliocystis. Bacterial diseases</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48851&amp;speccode=6531'>Lannan, C.N., J.L. Batholomew and J.L. Fryer 1999 Chlamydial infections of fish: Epitheliocystis. p.255-267. In P.T.K. Woo and D.W. Bruno (eds.) Fish Diseases and Disorders Vol. 3: Viral, bacterial and fungal infections. CABI Int'l. (Ref. 48851)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48652&amp;speccode=6531'>Leong, T.S. 1992 Diseases of brackishwater and marine fish cultured in some Asian countries. p. 223-236. &lt;i&gt;In&lt;/i&gt; M. Shariff, R.P. Subasinghe and J.R. Arthur (eds.) Proceedings of the First Symposium on Diseases in Asian Aquaculture. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines. (Ref. 48652)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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