FB-6544 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6544 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Tetraodontiformes Tetraodontidae Canthigaster Canthigaster valentini (Bleeker, 1853) Model-tobie Buriring Butete Sortbroget kuglefisk Banded toby Black saddled toby Blacksaddle toby Black-saddled toby Model toby Saddled pufferfish Valentinni's sharpnose puffer Valentin's sharpnose puffer kalavo Satulapallokala Bourse Bourse à selles Canthigaster à selle Shima-kinchakufugu Buntal-lunas pelana Buntel valentini Buntal Sue-mu Kibora Huehue Butete Boultang gomon Butiti Lesh Phowot Thaakihaa koli 横带扁背鲀 橫帶扁背魨 瓦氏尖鼻魨 瓦氏尖鼻鲀 Canthigaster valentinii (Bleeker, 1853) Cathigaster valentini (Bleeker, 1853) Tetraodon gronovii Cuvier, 1829 Tetraodon valentini Bleeker, 1853 Tetrodon taeniatus Peters, 1855 1992-11-17 2013-07-15 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. 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Shea0 Thirty-one new records of reef fish species for Hong Kong waters. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK 103:1-13. (Ref. 128223) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) Balisco, R.A.T., V.S. Ticzon, B.R. Samaniego, W.-C. Huang, B.J. Gonzales and T.-Y. Liao0 Marine fishes of Palawan, Philippines: species diversity, new records, and conservation status. Regional Studies in Marine Science 60(2023) 102825:1-10. (Ref. 130287) Chu, E. and D. Pauly0 The relationship between mean length at maturity and maximum length in coral reef fish. Fishes 9(4)[130]:1-18. (Ref. 131468) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-6544-2400 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-10 2008-07-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6544 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Caval_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Caval_u1.jpg FB-pic-6544-13462 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1997-02-21 1999-06-28 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6544 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Caval_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Caval_u0.jpg Locality: Dumaguete, Negros, Philippines. FB-pic-6544-23346 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-06-18 1999-12-08 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6544 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Caval_u5.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Caval_u5.jpg FB-pic-6544-23347 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-06-18 1999-12-08 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6544 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Caval_u6.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Caval_u6.jpg FB-pic-6544-23348 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-06-18 1999-12-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6544 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Caval_u7.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Caval_u7.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-6544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-11-17 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6544 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Adults are found among coral heads and rocks of subtidal lagoon and seaward reefs (Ref. 4919, 5503). Common on coastal reefs at various depths. They mimic filefish, males are territorial and are often seen fighting (Ref. 48637). Food consists primarily of filamentous green and red algae, tunicates, and on smaller amounts of corals, bryozoans, polychaetes, echinoderms, mollusks, and brown and coralline red algae. They form shoals (10-100 or more) often with the filefish, Paraluteres prionurus (about 5% of shoal) mimicking C. valentini to protect it from predators (Ref. 4919, 5503). Territorial and haremic; males spawn with a different female each day (Ref. 9710). One or more territories are occupied and defended each by a female where a single large male stands guard (Ref. 55082). All sexually mature females are territorial females (Ref. 55082). Demersal spawner (Ref. 35298). Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-DiagnosticDescr-6544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-09-08 00:00:00 2013-05-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6544 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Side with two prominent dark bars extending to belly (Ref. 559).Description: Characterized further by generally white body color with light brown spots and four dark brown to black saddles, middle two extending onto belly; depth of body at origin of anal fin 2.5-2.9 in SL; head length 2.2-2.5 in SL; snout length 1.4-1.6 in head length; caudal peduncle depth 2.2-2.8 in head length; slightly rounded caudal fin (Ref. 90102). Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-Morphology-6544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-09-08 00:00:00 2013-05-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6544 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 9 Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-Distribution-6544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-11-17 00:00:00 2006-06-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6544 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Indo-Pacific: Red Sea south to Durban, South Africa (Ref. 4919) and east to the Tuamoto Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Lord Howe Island. Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-Uses-6544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-11-17 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6544 fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial Edwards, A.J. and A.D. Shepherd 1992 Environmental implications of aquarium-fish collection in the Maldives, with proposals for regulation. Environ. Conserv. 19:61-72. (Ref. 4907) Edwards, A.J. and A.D. Shepherd 1992 Environmental implications of aquarium-fish collection in the Maldives, with proposals for regulation. Environ. Conserv. 19:61-72. (Ref. 4907) FB-LifeCycle-6544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-11-17 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=6544&StockCode=6866 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Oviparous (Ref. 205). Social and mating systems of this species are based upon female territoriality where polygyny results from males defending females occupying a certain territory (female-defense polygyny) (Ref. 55082). All sexually mature females are territorial females (Ref. 55082). Neither parent guards the eggs which are laid in a nest located in the female's territory (Ref. 46142).During breeding, territorial females perform the 'caudal flexing with swollen abdomen display' to signal courtship and readiness to spawn. The male acknowledges with no courtship or color displays but rather by visiting the sites frequently. The territorial female then begins pecking at the substrate in preparation for egg laying. The female initiates the spawning event by pressing her abdomen into the prepared site. The territorial male quickly lays his body across her caudal peduncle and both remained in this position for 5-10 sec. The male swims away after leaving the female beating her anal fin rapidly over the nest site to ensure fertilization of the eggs and to push the eggs deep into the algal substrate (Ref. 46142). All territorial males spawn with territorial females, depriving the bachelor males of the chance to copulate which nevertheless don't interfere with the spawning between the territorial male and females (Ref. 46142). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-6544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-12-14 00:00:00 2007-10-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public valentini http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Found among coral heads and rocks of subtidal lagoon and seaward reefs (Ref. 4919, 5503). Common on coastal reefs at various depths. Mimic filefish, males are territorial and are often seen fighting (Ref. 48637). Feeds mainly on filamentous green and red algae, tunicates, and on smaller amounts of corals, bryozoans, polychaetes, echinoderms, mollusks, and brown and coralline red algae. Forms shoals (10-100 or more) often with the filefish, Paraluteres prionurus (about 5% of shoal) mimicking C. valentini to protect it from predators (Ref. 4919, 5503). Territorial and haremic; males spawn with a different female each day (Ref. 9710). One or more territories are occupied and defended each by a female where a single large male stands guard (Ref. 55082). Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-Size-6544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-11-17 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6544 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 11.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4919)) Smith, M.M. and P.C. Heemstra 1986 Tetraodontidae. p. 894-903. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4919) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-6544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-11-17 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6544 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology reef-associated; non-migratory (Ref. 52884); marine; depth range 1 - 55 m (Ref. 1602) Whiteman, E.A. and I.M. Côté 2004 Monogamy in marine fishes. Biol. Rev. 79:351-375. (Ref. 52884) Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)