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	<dc:identifier>FB-66490</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=66490</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Salmoniformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Salmonidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Stenodus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Stenodus nelma (Pallas, 1773)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Leopard skate</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Leopard-süvarai</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Arctoraja panthera (Orr, Stevenson, Hoff, Spies &amp; McEachran, 2011)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Breviraja stellulata (non Jordan &amp; Gilbert, 1880)</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>2012-03-21</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2021-09-08</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=89865&amp;speccode=66500'>Orr, J.W., Stevenson, D.E., Hoff, G.R., Spies, I. and J.D. McEachran0 &lt;i&gt;Bathyraja panthera&lt;/i&gt;, a new species of skate (Rajidae: Arhynchobatinae) from the western Aleutian Islands, and resurrection of the subgenus &lt;i&gt;Arctoraja&lt;/i&gt; Ishiyama. NOAA Professional Paper NMFS 11:50pp (Ref. 89865)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105471&amp;speccode=66500'>eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=125494&amp;speccode=66500'>Dyldin, Y.V.0 Annotated checklist of the sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii, Holocephali) from waters of Russia and adjacent areas. Publ. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab., 43:40-91. (Ref. 125494)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=130435&amp;speccode=66500'>IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435)</reference><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-GeneralDescr-66500</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Frédéric Busson</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2012-04-06 18:31:09</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-01-15 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=66500</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Maximum length observed was 139 cm TL (Ref. 89865).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=89865&amp;speccode=66500'>Orr, J.W., Stevenson, D.E., Hoff, G.R., Spies, I. and J.D. McEachran 2011 &lt;i&gt;Bathyraja panthera&lt;/i&gt;, a new species of skate (Rajidae: Arhynchobatinae) from the western Aleutian Islands, and resurrection of the subgenus &lt;i&gt;Arctoraja&lt;/i&gt; Ishiyama. NOAA Professional Paper NMFS 11:50pp (Ref. 89865)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-DiagnosticDescr-66500</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Frédéric Busson</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2012-04-06 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2017-11-15 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=66500</dc:source>
	<dc:description>This species is  distinguished from all other members of the subgenus Arctoraja by the following:  body coloration light greenish brown, with vermiculated and round black spots and yellow blotches; distal tip of ventral marginal sinusoidal; accessory terminal 2 elongate and broad, with long spike; distal tip of axial cartilage pointed; unique COI haplotype.  Bathyraja panthera is further distinguished from B. parmifera by its total thorn count  31-42 (vs. 19-36), tail thorn count 19-28 (vs. 15-23), internal carotid foramina in a single median pit (vs. foramina widely separated), distal portion of ventral marginal cartilage sinusoidal (vs. straight), accessory terminal 2 elongate with long spike (vs. broadly triangular with short spike), distal tip of axial cartilage pointed (vs. bluntly rounded), anterior portion of body longer and wider (vs. shorter and narrower), tail long (vs. short); from B. simoterus by its wide interdorsal space 1.4-3.1% TL (vs. 0.5-1.0% TL), anterior portion of body longer and wider (vs. shorter and narrower), tail longer (vs. shorter), posterior fontanelle pear-shaped (vs. narrowly elongate), internal carotid foramina in a single median pit (vs. widely separated foramina), anterior postdorsal foramen of scapulocoracoid large, others much smaller (vs. all large),  ventral terminal tear-drop shaped (vs. lanceolate); from B. smirnovi by its complete series of dorsal thorns (vs. interrupted series between nuchal and tail thorns), wider interdorsal length (vs. 0.1-1.4% TL), anterior portion of body longer and wider (vs. shorter and narrower), tail longer (vs. shorter), separate anterior and posterior fontanelles (vs. single fontanelle), ventral terminal tear-drop shaped (vs. lanceolate), dorsal and ventral marginals extending to about a quarter length of dorsal terminal 2 (vs. extending farther distally to distal tip of dorsal terminal 3) (Ref. 89865).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=89865&amp;speccode=66500'>Orr, J.W., Stevenson, D.E., Hoff, G.R., Spies, I. and J.D. McEachran 2011 &lt;i&gt;Bathyraja panthera&lt;/i&gt;, a new species of skate (Rajidae: Arhynchobatinae) from the western Aleutian Islands, and resurrection of the subgenus &lt;i&gt;Arctoraja&lt;/i&gt; Ishiyama. NOAA Professional Paper NMFS 11:50pp (Ref. 89865)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-66500</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Frédéric Busson</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2012-04-06 19:44:11</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-11-05 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=66500</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Pacific Ocean:  Western Aleutian Islands and Petrel Bank. Among species with subgenus Arctoraja, only B. panthera has been recorded west of 180° longitude in the Aleutian Islands, and the depth range in survey records of all skates recorded as 'B. parmifera' west of 180° longitude is 51-294 m (NMFS, AFSC, RACE survey database, 2009) (Ref. 89865).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=89865&amp;speccode=66500'>Orr, J.W., Stevenson, D.E., Hoff, G.R., Spies, I. and J.D. McEachran 2011 &lt;i&gt;Bathyraja panthera&lt;/i&gt;, a new species of skate (Rajidae: Arhynchobatinae) from the western Aleutian Islands, and resurrection of the subgenus &lt;i&gt;Arctoraja&lt;/i&gt; Ishiyama. NOAA Professional Paper NMFS 11:50pp (Ref. 89865)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-66500</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Frédéric Busson</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2012-04-06 18:31:09</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-01-15 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
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	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=66500</dc:source>
	<dc:description>111 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 89865))</dc:description>
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	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=89865&amp;speccode=66500'>Orr, J.W., Stevenson, D.E., Hoff, G.R., Spies, I. and J.D. McEachran 2011 &lt;i&gt;Bathyraja panthera&lt;/i&gt;, a new species of skate (Rajidae: Arhynchobatinae) from the western Aleutian Islands, and resurrection of the subgenus &lt;i&gt;Arctoraja&lt;/i&gt; Ishiyama. NOAA Professional Paper NMFS 11:50pp (Ref. 89865)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Threats-2</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-66500</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Frédéric Busson</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2012-04-06 18:31:09</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-01-15 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=66500</dc:source>
	<dc:description>demersal; marine; depth range 51 - 258 m (Ref. 89865)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=89865&amp;speccode=66500'>Orr, J.W., Stevenson, D.E., Hoff, G.R., Spies, I. and J.D. McEachran 2011 &lt;i&gt;Bathyraja panthera&lt;/i&gt;, a new species of skate (Rajidae: Arhynchobatinae) from the western Aleutian Islands, and resurrection of the subgenus &lt;i&gt;Arctoraja&lt;/i&gt; Ishiyama. NOAA Professional Paper NMFS 11:50pp (Ref. 89865)</reference></dataObject>
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