FB-6660 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6660 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Perciformes/Serranoidei Epinephelidae Epinephelus Epinephelus hexagonatus (Forster, 1801) Gatala aloalo Meratch Meratk Garoupa melífera Witspikkel-klipkabeljou لُؤز عسَلي Baraka Lapu-lapu Pugapo Hexagon grouper Hexagon rockcod Honeycomb reefcod Sharpspotted grouper Starspotted grouper Star-spotted grouper White specked rockcod White-specked grouper White-speckled grouper Wirenet rockcod Wirenetting cod Heksagoon-kivikoha senicauca Loche à hexagone Macabit gris Mérou à dessins hexagonaux Mérou mélifère Lokos Inid Ishigakihata Kaboro Mumu Mur in I ean Pullichammam പുള്ളിച്ചമ്മം പുളളിചാമ്മാം Kerapu cicak Gatala Gatala-a'au Tarao a'au Tarau 'ute 'ute Lapu-lapu Lapu lapu Mero mielero Bulang Bwaloi Eve Gadao coraling Galiyel lecholiyong Garopa malahuk Kokotika Kulapo kut-kut Kurapu Kusele Kuü Kuüü La Lehe Maccabit Maccabit gris Mantis Mwananuya Risadel Saukoton Sikkisikkifana Te eve Te kuau Tingag Veve Vieille chaval de bois Vieille grise Vieille voleuse 六角石斑魚 六角石斑鱼 石斑 花頭梅 过鱼 金錢斑 鲙 Ephinephelus hexagonatus (Forster, 1801) Epinephalus hexagonatus (Forster, 1801) Epinephelus hexagonathus (Forster, 1801) Epinephelus merra (non Bloch, 1793) Epinephelus stellans (Richardson, 1842) Holocentrus hexagonatus Forster, 1801 Serranus hexagonatus (Forster, 1801) Serranus parkinsonii Valenciennes, 1828 Serranus stellans Richardson, 1842 1992-12-02 2019-02-26 Coppola, S.R., W. 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Hendriks0 Use of the nucleotide diversity in COI mitochondrial gene as an early diagnostic of conservation status of animal species. Conserv. Lett. 14(1):1-7. (Ref. 138103) FB-pic-6660-2258 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-06 2010-07-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6660 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ephex_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Ephex_u0.jpg FB-pic-6660-7321 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-01-13 1996-04-19 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6660 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ephex_u2.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Ephex_u2.gif FB-pic-6660-9546 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-03 2000-11-08 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6660 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ephex_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Ephex_u2.jpg FB-pic-6660-9547 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-03 1999-11-02 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6660 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ephex_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Ephex_u1.jpg FB-pic-6660-9548 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-03 2000-11-08 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6660 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ephex_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Ephex_u3.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-6660 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-12-02 00:00:00 2019-02-26 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6660 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Common in exposed outer-reef areas in relatively shallow water. Well-camouflaged grouper, solitary (Ref 37816). Feeds mainly on fishes and crustaceans (stomatopods and brachyuran crabs) (Ref. 5222). This fish is too small to be of commercial importance except as a food fish in artisanal fisheries. It is caught with hook-and-line, traps, spear, and gill nets (Ref. 39231). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-DiagnosticDescr-6660 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-13 00:00:00 2019-02-26 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6660 This species is distinguished by the following characters: body depth 2.8-3.5 in SL (10-17 cm SL individuals); head length 2.5-2.6 in SL; preopercle rounded, ventral serrae slightly enlarged; upper edge of operculum convex; midlateral part of lower jaw with 3-5 rows of teeth; gill rakers of first gill arch 7-9 + 17-19; dorsal spines 5th-9th subequal (2.5-2.8 in HL); second anal spine 2.1-2.5 in HL, distinctly longer than third spine or depth of peduncle; caudal fin rounded; pectoral-fin rays 17-19, fin length 1.6-1.9 in HL; pelvic fins 1.8-2.1 in HL; lateral-line scales 61-70; lateral scale series 93 to 114. Colour: head and body covered with polygonal (mostly hexagonal) brown spots that tend to merge, leaving only conspicuous triangular white dots at corners of the polygons; dark spots on belly and ventral part of head more rounded and separated, and often reddish brown; 4 or 5 brownish black saddle blotches (formed by groups of darker spots) on dorsal part of body and caudal peduncle, the first 4 extending onto base of dorsal fin; irregular dark bar, formed by darker polygonal spots, on lower part of body below each saddle blotch; large brown or olive spot just behind eye, often joined to similar spot on opercle; fins with close-set dark brown or reddish brown spots and white dots, except distal half of pectoral fins with faint dark spots and no white dots; pelvic and anal fins with pale edge and dark brown submarginal band; interspinous dorsal-fin membranes with dark brown triangle and short white or pale yellow filament behind tip of each spine (Ref. 39231, 90102). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1999 Serranidae. p. 2442-2547. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). Rome, FAO. 2069-2790 p. (Ref. 39231) FB-Morphology-6660 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-13 00:00:00 2019-02-26 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6660 Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15 - 17; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8 Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1999 Serranidae. p. 2442-2547. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). Rome, FAO. 2069-2790 p. (Ref. 39231) FB-Distribution-6660 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-12-02 00:00:00 2021-11-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6660 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Indo-West Pacific: none have been taken on the African coast, except for the specimen recorded by Randall and Heemstra 1991(Ref. 4787) from Kenyan coast north of Kilifi Creek. It is an insular species found in most tropical Indo-Pacific islands. Absent in the Red Sea and Persian Gulf. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Uses-6660 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-12-02 00:00:00 2019-02-26 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6660 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: very high; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) Allen, G.R. and R.C. Steene 1988 Fishes of Christmas Island Indian Ocean. Christmas Island Natural History Association, Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, 6798, Australia. 197 p. (Ref. 30874) FB-TrophicStrategy-6660 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1997-03-25 00:00:00 2007-09-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public hexagonatus Found in coral reefs (Ref. 9137). Hiatt, R.W. and D.W. Strasburg 1960 Ecological relationships of the fish fauna on coral reefs of the Marshall Islands. Ecol. Monogr. 30(1):65-127. (Ref. 275) FB-Size-6660 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-12-02 00:00:00 2019-02-26 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6660 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription 27.5 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 48600)) Murty, V.S. 2002 Marine ornamental fish resources of Lakshadweep. CMFRI Spec. Publ. No. 72. 384 p. (Ref. 48600) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-6660 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-12-02 00:00:00 2019-02-26 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6660 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution reef-associated; marine; depth range 0 - 30 m (Ref. 4319), usually 6 - ? m (Ref. 37816) Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1986 Serranidae. p. 509-537. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4319) Myers, R.F. 1999 Micronesian reef fishes: a comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micronesia, 3rd revised and expanded edition. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 330 p. (Ref. 37816)