FB-6953 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6953 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Rajiformes Rajidae Amblyraja Amblyraja georgiana (Norman, 1938) Amblyraja georgiana Antarctic starry skate Antarktika sünkrai Raie étoilée antarctique Скат георгианский Raya estrellada antártica Antarctische doornrog 乔治亚鳐 喬治亞鰩 Raja georgiana Norman, 1938 1993-01-23 2018-09-06 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel0 Rajidae. p. 86-97. In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. 462 p. (Ref. 5159) Fritzsch, B. and P. Moller0 A history of electroreception. p. 39-55. In P. Moller (ed.) Electric fishes:history and behavior. Fish and Fisheries Series 17. Chapman & Hall, London. (Ref. 10311) Miller, R.G.0 A history and atlas of the fishes of the Antarctic Ocean. Foresta Institute, Nevada. 792 p. (Ref. 11892) Fischer, W. and J.-C. Hureau (eds.)0 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Southern Ocean (fishing areas 48, 58 and 88) (CCAMLR convention area). Prepared and published with the support of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. FAO, Rome. 1:232 p. (Ref. 26875) McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn0 Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314) Pequeño, G.0 Peces de Chile. Lista sistemática revisada y comentada: addendum. Rev. Biol. Mar. Oceanogr. 32(2):77-94. (Ref. 27540) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Intitut fur Seefischerei (ISH). BIOLAB Forschungsinstitut, Hohenwestedt, Germany. (Ref. 35509) Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Ishihara, H.0 Study on the systematics and fishery resources of the North Pacific skates (Pisces: Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Tokyo University. 186 p. Ph.D. dissertation. (Ref. 41249) Bor, P.0 Egg-capsules of sharks and skates. www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl/rogtabel.html (Ref. 41250) Bor, P.H.F.0 Nederlandse naamlijst van de recente haaien en roggen (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) van de wereld. World Wide Web electronic publication www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl, version (05/2002). (Ref. 43454) Duhamel, G., N. Gasco and P. Davaine0 Poissons des îles Kerguelen et Crozet. Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Patrimoines naturels: France. Vol. 63:419 p. (Ref. 45488) Roberts, C.D.0 Fishes of the Chatham Islands, New Zealand: a trawl survey and summary of the ichthyofauna. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 25(1):1-19. (Ref. 45493) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Menni, R.C. and L.O. Lucifora0 Condrictios de la Argentina y Uruguay. <i>ProBiota</i>, FCNyM, UNLP, Serie Técnica-Didáctica, La Plata, Argentina, 11:1-15. 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Weigmann and L. Yang0 Changes to the nomenclature of the skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes). In: Last and Yearsley (eds.). Rays of the World: Supplementary Information. CSIRO Special Publication. 11-34. (Ref. 118749) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) Ferragut-Perello, F., S. Ramirez-Amaro, A.C. Tsikliras, N. Petit-Marty, D. Dimarchopoulou0 Exploitation and conservation status of the thornback ray (<i>Raja clavata</i>) in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean). Fishes 8(2):117. (Ref. 132125) FB-pic-6953-30095 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 2001-05-07 2001-06-01 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6953 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Amgeo_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Amgeo_u0.gif FB-pic-6953-30112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 2001-05-07 2001-06-01 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6953 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Amgeo_j0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Amgeo_j0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-6953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Astrid Jarre-Teichmann 1993-01-23 00:00:00 2018-09-06 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6953 Found on continental and insular shelves, as well as upper slopes. Feeds mainly on small benthic invertebrates (Ref. 114953). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Reaches maturity at 80-90 cm TL; birth size at ca. 20 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsule measures 116.5 mm long and 80.0 mm wide (Ref. 41249). Utilized as fishmeal and possibly not utilized for human consumption due to extreme roughness of its squamation (Ref. 5159). McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn 1998 Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314) FB-Distribution-6953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1993-01-26 00:00:00 2023-02-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6953 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Southeast Pacific: Chile (Ref. 27540). Southern Ocean: around South Georgia Island and on the ridge westward towards Black Rocks. Occasionally seen on the Scotia Ridge. Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel 1990 Rajidae. p. 86-97. In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. 462 p. (Ref. 5159) FB-Uses-6953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Astrid Jarre-Teichmann 1993-01-23 00:00:00 2018-09-06 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6953 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: subsistence fisheries Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel 1990 Rajidae. p. 86-97. In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. 462 p. (Ref. 5159) FB-LifeCycle-6953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1993-01-23 00:00:00 2018-09-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=6953&StockCode=7285 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs have horn-like projections on the shell (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-Size-6953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Astrid Jarre-Teichmann 1993-01-23 00:00:00 2018-09-06 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6953 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 115 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 114953)) Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor 2016 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-6953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1993-01-23 00:00:00 2018-09-06 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6953 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size bathydemersal; marine; depth range 20 - 350 m (Ref. 58839) Menni, R.C. and L.O. Lucifora 2007 Condrictios de la Argentina y Uruguay. <i>ProBiota</i>, FCNyM, UNLP, Serie Técnica-Didáctica, La Plata, Argentina, 11:1-15. (Ref. 58839)