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	<dc:identifier>FB-69618</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=69618</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Mulliformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Mullidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Upeneus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Upeneus madras Uiblein &amp; Maclaine, 2022</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Poitevin stickleback</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Epinochette marichaud</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Epinochette poitevine</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Gasterosteus vulgaris Mauduyt, 1848</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>2022-03-02</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2022-03-02</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13696&amp;speccode=69629'>Kottelat, M.0 European freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava, 52/Suppl. 5:1-271. (Ref. 13696)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=125067&amp;speccode=69629'>Denys, G.P.J., H. Persat, A. Dettaï, M.F. Geiger, J. Freyhof, J. Fesquet and P. Keith0 Genetic and morphological discrimination of three species of ninespined stickleback &lt;i&gt;Pungitius&lt;/i&gt; spp. (Teleostei, Gasterosteidae) in France with the revalidation of &lt;i&gt;Pungitius vulgaris&lt;/i&gt; (Mauduyt, 1848). J Zool Syst Evol Res. 2018;56:77-101. (Ref. 125067)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=130435&amp;speccode=69629'>IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435)</reference><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-GeneralDescr-69629</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Estelita Emily Capuli</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2022-03-11 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2022-03-11 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=69629</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Inhabits streams, tributaries, and ponds. May also have a tolerance of salinity like the other species of Pungitius. In the Garonne drainage, it has a very restrictive habitat with low elevation and short distance from the source. Monogamy observed, also nest building, but monogamy needs to be verified because ordinarily, the ninespined-sticklebacks are polygamous. It can hybridize with the two other species where they are in sympatry: with P. pungitius in the Vienne basin and P. laevis in the coastal Atlantic Basins (Ref. 125067).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=125067&amp;speccode=69629'>Denys, G.P.J., H. Persat, A. Dettaï, M.F. Geiger, J. Freyhof, J. Fesquet and P. Keith 2017 Genetic and morphological discrimination of three species of ninespined stickleback &lt;i&gt;Pungitius&lt;/i&gt; spp. (Teleostei, Gasterosteidae) in France with the revalidation of &lt;i&gt;Pungitius vulgaris&lt;/i&gt; (Mauduyt, 1848). J Zool Syst Evol Res. 2018;56:77-101. (Ref. 125067)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-DiagnosticDescr-69629</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Estelita Emily Capuli</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2022-03-11 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2022-03-11 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=69629</dc:source>
	<dc:description>This species is redescribed and is distinguished from its congeners by tThe following characters: head rounded with a straight or slightly convex snout; pectoral rays 11 (vs. typically 10-11) and no scute on the caudal peduncle (vs. 0-12 P. pungitius and 0-4 P. laevis); D VIII-IX (neotype IX);  no scute on the caudal peduncle; pectoral fin rays (10) 11 (12-13) (neotype 11). Colouration:  adult specimens with a yellowish coloration and with very thin black dots, whereas the young ones are blueish green; however, color pattern is very variable between individuals from a same population, or having the same age or sex (Ref. 125067).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=125067&amp;speccode=69629'>Denys, G.P.J., H. Persat, A. Dettaï, M.F. Geiger, J. Freyhof, J. Fesquet and P. Keith 2017 Genetic and morphological discrimination of three species of ninespined stickleback &lt;i&gt;Pungitius&lt;/i&gt; spp. (Teleostei, Gasterosteidae) in France with the revalidation of &lt;i&gt;Pungitius vulgaris&lt;/i&gt; (Mauduyt, 1848). J Zool Syst Evol Res. 2018;56:77-101. (Ref. 125067)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-69629</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Estelita Emily Capuli</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2022-03-11 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-11-05 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=69629</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Europe:  France.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=125067&amp;speccode=69629'>Denys, G.P.J., H. Persat, A. Dettaï, M.F. Geiger, J. Freyhof, J. Fesquet and P. Keith 2017 Genetic and morphological discrimination of three species of ninespined stickleback &lt;i&gt;Pungitius&lt;/i&gt; spp. (Teleostei, Gasterosteidae) in France with the revalidation of &lt;i&gt;Pungitius vulgaris&lt;/i&gt; (Mauduyt, 1848). J Zool Syst Evol Res. 2018;56:77-101. (Ref. 125067)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-69629</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Estelita Emily Capuli</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2022-03-11 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2022-03-11 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=69629</dc:source>
	<dc:description>3.9 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 125067)); 4.6 cm SL (female)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=125067&amp;speccode=69629'>Denys, G.P.J., H. Persat, A. Dettaï, M.F. Geiger, J. Freyhof, J. Fesquet and P. Keith 2017 Genetic and morphological discrimination of three species of ninespined stickleback &lt;i&gt;Pungitius&lt;/i&gt; spp. (Teleostei, Gasterosteidae) in France with the revalidation of &lt;i&gt;Pungitius vulgaris&lt;/i&gt; (Mauduyt, 1848). J Zool Syst Evol Res. 2018;56:77-101. (Ref. 125067)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Threats-2</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
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	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
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	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-69629</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Estelita Emily Capuli</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2022-03-11 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2022-03-11 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
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	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=69629</dc:source>
	<dc:description>benthopelagic; freshwater</dc:description>
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