FB-737 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=737 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Squatiniformes Squatinidae Squatina Squatina tergocellata McCulloch, 1914 Havengel Aniol morski Anioł morski Raszpia Ryna Skwat Anjo Cacao-anjo Cação-anjo Engjëlli i detit Peshku engjëll Skadhina Skadhina e butë Skadhine Skadhine e bute Malâk El Bah'r Sfen Sfinn Shekatli Zemezma ﻦﻔﺳ Polorejnok obecný Pesciu anghiulu Sguerru Squadru Maelgi Europæisk havengel Havengel Engelhai Europäischer Meerengel Gemeiner Meerengel Gemeiner Meerengelm Gewöhnlicher Engelhai Meerengel Angel Angel fiddle fish Angel puffy fish Angel ray Angel shark Angelfish Angelshark Escat jueu Fiddle fish Monkfish Monk Euroopa ingelhai Merienkeli Ange de mer Ange de mer commun Angelot Boudroie Bourget peisange Martrame Peï-angi Mak'akh Mal'ah Razopas Sklat Sklat sivac Baroaháfur Angelo Angelo di mare Angeo Anzolo Cenericu Pesce angelo Pesce squadro Pesciu angiou Pisci squadru Sagrin Squadre Squadre 'e rena Squadro Squadro pelle nera Squadru Squadru lisciu Squadru monicu Squaena Squalena Squalo angelo Kasuzame Korozame Xkatlu Xkatlu komuni Yevropeisky morskoi angel ангел морской расшпиль Скватина европейская (=морской ангел) Sklat Fiddle fish Mongrel skate Havsängel Keler Keler balığı Lekelikeler balığı Angel Angelino Angelot Angelote Escat Eskat común Guitarra Mennejuela Pardón Peje ángel Peje-ángel Pez ángel Vexigall Zabalera An bráthair Àngel Angelos Anghelosrina Lyra Rina Rína Sklat Vióli Zee-engel Zeeëngel Άγγελος Βιολί Βιολόψαρο Κούβακας Λύρα Ρίνα 扁鯊 扁鲨 Rhina squatina (Linnaeus, 1758) Squalraia acephala de la Pylaie, 1835 Squalraia cervicata de la Pylaie, 1835 Squalus squatina Linnaeus, 1758 Squatina angelus Blainville, 1825 Squatina angelus Gronow, 1854 Squatina europaea Swainson, 1839 Squatina laevis Cuvier, 1816 Squatina lewis Couch, 1825 Squatina squatini (Linnaeus, 1758) Squatina vulgaris Risso, 1810 1992-06-15 2024-05-10 Coppola, S.R., W. 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Cosquer, J.P. Cuillandre, A. Curd, R. Dubas, M. Duhau, S. Derrien-Courtel, G. Devique, S. Dixneuf, E. Duhamel and …0 French ichthyological records for 2018. Cybium 44(4):285-307. (Ref. 126453) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación0 III. Otras disposiciones: 9026 - Resolución de 24 de mayo de 2019, de la Secretaría General de Pesca por la que se publica el listado de denominaciones comerciales de especies pesqueras y de acuicultura admitidas en España. [Resolution of May 24, 2019, of the General Secretariat for Fisheries, which publishes the list of commercial denominations of fishing and aquaculture species admitted in Spain]. Boletín Oficial del Estado (BOE):(143):82 pp. (Ref. 128983) Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals-CMS0 Convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals (CMS). xxx (Ref. 131118) Morey, G, Barker, J., Hood, A., Gordon, C., Bartolí, A., Meyers, E.K.M., Ellis, J.R., Sharp, R., Jiménez-Alvarado, D. & Pollom, R. 2019.0 <i>Squatina squatina</i>. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T39332A117498371. (Ref. 137495) FB-pic-736-3809 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-05-17 1998-12-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=736 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Sqsqu_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Sqsqu_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-736 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=736 A benthic species that occurs inshore, on coasts and along the continental shelf; may enter estuaries (Ref. 247, 58085). Found mainly on sand or mud bottoms; sluggish by day, lying buried with eyes protruding. Also utilizes areas with macroalgae, kelp or rocks (Ref. 88920). Nocturnal species, swims off bottom at night. Feeds mainly on flatfishes and other benthic fishes, but also on skates, crustaceans and molluscs, with one record of swallowed cormorant (Ref. 247, 28070). Moves to deeper waters during winter, returning to the shallower depths in the spring (Ref. 88187), moving northwards in summer. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449, 107715). Females generally grow larger than males (Ref. 58137, 107710, 107713, 107715). Detects weak electric fields generated by other organisms (e.g. potential prey) (Ref. 10311). The marine leech Stibarobdella macrothela is a common parasite (Ref. 107712) and the isopod Aegapheles deshaysiana a common micropredator (Ref. 107714) for this shark species in the Canary Islands. Utilized fresh and dried salted for human consumption, and possibly for oil and fishmeal (Ref. 247). Reaches 250 cm (Ref. 35388). Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247) FB-DiagnosticDescr-736 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1999-03-31 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=736 Broad flattened body, with enlarged pectoral and pelvic fins, no anal fin. Eyes and large spiracles dorsally. Gill openings at the sides of the head. The mouth is terminal. Coloration variable, from grey to reddish or greenish-brown with scattered small white spots and blackish dots dorsally (Ref. 78469). No ocelli on body (Ref. 247). Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247) FB-Morphology-736 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1999-03-31 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=736 Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 0 Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247) FB-Distribution-736 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2025-05-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=736 East Atlantic. Its range and abundance is declining severely throughout its range. There is a proposed legal protection in Britain (Ref. 58085). The European Council Regulations 43/2009, 23/2010, 57/2011, 44/2012, 40/2013, 43/2014, 2015/104 and 2016/72 prohibit to fish for, to retain on board, to tranship and to land this species in all waters from the European Community (F. Osaer, pers.comm. 04/2016). Morey, G, Barker, J., Hood, A., Gordon, C., Bartolí, A., Meyers, E.K.M., Ellis, J.R., Sharp, R., Jiménez-Alvarado, D. & Pollom, R. 2019. 2019 <i>Squatina squatina</i>. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T39332A117498371. (Ref. 137495) FB-Uses-736 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=736 fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: medium; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-Migration-736 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=736 Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-LifeCycle-736 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=736&StockCode=752 Ovoviviparous, produce 7-25 pups/litter (Ref. 58085), 13.0 +/- 1.9 pups in the Canary Is (Ref. 107713) with litter number increasing with female size. Gestation period lasts for 8-10 months (born Dec-Feb in Mediterranean, July in England) (Ref. 58085), and +/- 6 months in the Canary Is (Ref. 107713). Size at birth ranges from 24-30 cm TL (Ref. 58085). Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Full term embryos weighed 189-200 g; no egg capsules found around ova or embryos (Ref. 107715). A biannual reproductive cycle is likely the case for this species (Ref. 32746), triannual cycle in the Canary Is (Ref. 107713). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-736 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-06-17 00:00:00 2015-03-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public squatina Cryptic ambush predator that may remain motionless for long periods of time, usually buried under sand or mud with only its eyes protruding (Ref. 247). Waits until potential prey is within striking distance before lunging for it (Ref. 88171). Ellis, J.R., M.G. Pawson and S.E. Shackley 1996 The comparative feeding ecology of six species of shark and four species of ray (Elasmobranchii) in the north-east Atlantic. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 76(1):89-106. (Ref. 28070) FB-Size-736 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=736 183 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 247)); 244 cm TL (female); max. published weight: 80.0 kg (Ref. 35388) Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247) Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen 1999 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p. (Ref. 35388) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-736 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=736 demersal; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); brackish; marine; depth range 5 - 150 m (Ref. 247) Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)