FB-7619 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7619 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Rajiformes Rajidae Leucoraja Leucoraja fullonica (Linnaeus, 1758) Nebbrokke Nebbskate Raja kosmata Arraia Raia Raia pregada Raia-pregada Raxha gjëmbore Raxhë Baqaret Shaoukeh Razza spinosa Morgath gribog Gøgerokke Chagrinroche Chagrinrochen Fullers Rochen Walkerrochen Dun cow Fuller's ray Fuller's shagreen ray Raie-chardon Rough flapper Shagreen ray Shagreen skate Šagrään-helerai Nebbaskøta Käkirausku Cardeira Clavelade Flossade Raie chardon Raie-chardon Rocher Raža Náskata Raya cardadora Razza spinosa Raja petruza Raza crnopjega Gökrocka Näbbrocka Dikenli vatoz Dikenlivatoz balığı Vatoz Cardaire Morel Piscat Rajada Raya cardadora Raya blanca Raya morruda Romaguera Akanthovatos Cardaire Fullerjeva raža Kaardrog Raïa Salahi Ακανθόβατος Βάτος Μπαστανάκα Ράγια Ράτσα Ρίνα Σαλάχι 白点鳐 白魟 白點鰩 Raia fullonica Linnaeus, 1758 Raja chagrinea Shaw, 1804 Raja fullonica Linnaeus, 1758 Raja fullonica Stephan, 1779 Raja gallica Walbaum, 1792 1993-03-15 2021-10-15 Breder, C.M. and D.E. 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Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7619 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Leful_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Leful_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-7619 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1993-03-15 00:00:00 2021-10-15 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7619 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Found in relatively cold coastal waters and on upper parts of continental slopes (Ref. 3167). Most common at depths of around 200 m, but deeper in southern areas (Ref. 3167); possibly down to 800 m (Ref. 131089). Feed on all kinds of bottom animals, probably preferring fish (Ref. 3167). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 7.5-9.9 cm long and 4.5-4.7 cm wide (Ref. 41250). Maximum length for female is 111 cm (Ref. 41333). McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn 1998 Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314) FB-DiagnosticDescr-7619 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Gert Boden 2001-07-12 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7619 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Snout pronounced, rather pointed; disc rhomboid, with angled outer corners upper surface entirely spinulose, underside prickly on large areas; about 8 thorns usually in a complete row around inner margin of eye, small thorns on scapular, generally a row of about 50 thorns on each side of midline from shoulder to first dorsal fin; upper surface plain ashy-grey, underside white (Ref. 3167). Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel 1984 Rajidae. p. 163-196. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 3167) FB-Morphology-7619 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Gert Boden 2001-07-12 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7619 Dorsal spines (total): 0; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 0 Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel 1984 Rajidae. p. 163-196. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 3167) FB-Distribution-7619 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1993-03-15 00:00:00 2025-11-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7619 Eastern Atlantic: Murmansk in Russia, Norway, southern Iceland, the Faroes, northern North Sea and Skagerrak to northern Morocco, including western Mediterranean and the Madeira Islands. Stehmann, M. 1990 Rajidae. p. 29-50. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic. Junta Nacional de Investigaçao Cientifica e Tecnológica, Lisbon, Portugal. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4426) FB-Uses-7619 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1993-03-15 00:00:00 2021-10-15 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7619 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology fisheries: minor commercial; price category: low; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) FB-LifeCycle-7619 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1993-03-15 00:00:00 2021-10-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=7619&StockCode=7923 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-Size-7619 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1993-03-15 00:00:00 2021-10-15 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7619 120 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 106604)); 111 cm TL (female) Weigmann, S. 2016 Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. J. Fish Biol. 88(1):1-201. (Ref. 106604) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-7619 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1993-03-15 00:00:00 2021-10-15 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7619 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats bathydemersal; marine; depth range 30 - 600 m (Ref. 106604) Weigmann, S. 2016 Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. J. Fish Biol. 88(1):1-201. (Ref. 106604)