FB-7778 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7778 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Cichliformes Cichlidae Pelvicachromis Pelvicachromis pulcher (Boulenger, 1901) Barwniak czerwonobrzuchy Kongecichlide Königsbuntbarsch Königscichlide Purpurprachtbarsch Common krib Kribensis Pink krib Purple Cichlid Rainbow cichlid Rainbow krib Tilapia Palettikala Palettcichlid Bone back Itoin 矛耙丽鱼 矛耙麗魚 蓝突颌丽鱼 藍突頜麗魚 Pelmatochromis aureocephalus Meinken, 1960 Pelmatochromis aurocephalus Meinken, 1960 Pelmatochromis kribensis (non Boulenger, 1911) Pelmatochromis pulcher Boulenger, 1901 Pelmatochromis pulcher kribensis (non Boulenger, 1911) Pelmatochromis subocellatus kribensis (non Boulenger, 1911) 1993-04-08 2018-02-05 Wheeler, A.0 Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co. Stuttgart. 356 p. (Ref. 557) Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch0 Aquarien Atlas. Band. 1. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 1672) Post, A.0 Vergleichende Untersuchungen der Chromosomenzahlen bei Süßwasser-Teleosteern. Z. Zool. Syst. Evol.-Forsch. 3:47-93. (Ref. 2220) Boulenger, G.A.0 On the fishes collected by Dr. W.J. Ansorge in the Niger delta. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1901:4-10. (Ref. 2984) Kornfield, I.0 Descriptive genetics of cichlid fishes. p. 591-616. In B.J. Turner (ed.) Evolutionary genetics of fishes. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York. (Ref. 3878) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Daget, J.0 Pelvicachromis. p. 363-366. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5677) Mills, D. and G. Vevers0 The Tetra encyclopedia of freshwater tropical aquarium fishes. Tetra Press, New Jersey. 208 p. (Ref. 7020) Teugels, G.G. and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde0 Cichlidae. p. 714-779. In C. Levêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Tome 2. Coll. Faune Tropicale n° 28. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique and O.R.S.T.O.M., Paris, 902 p. (Ref. 7378) Eldredge, L.G.0 Freshwater fishes. p. 73-84. In L.G. Eldredge, Perspectives in aquatic exotic species management in the Pacific Islands. Vol. 1. Introductions of commercially significant aquatic organisms to the Pacific Islands. South Pacific Commission, New Caledonia. (Ref. 9420) ASAP, Aquarium Science Association of the Philippines0 Aquarium species in the Philippines. ASAP Aquarist Database Report. 9 p. Quezon City, Philippines. (Ref. 12157) McKay, R.J.0 Introductions of exotic fishes in Australia. p. 177-199. In Courtenay, W.R. Jr. and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. (Editors). Distribution, Biology and Management of Exotic fishes. The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. (Ref. 12559) Zardoya, R., D.M. Vollmer, C. Craddock, J.T. Streelman, S. Karl and A. Meyer0 Evolutionary conservation of microsatellite flanking regions and their use in resolving the phylogeny of cichlid fishes (Pisces: Perciformes). Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 263:1589-1598. (Ref. 12791) Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818) Paugy, D., K. Traoré and P.S. Diouf0 Faune ichtyologique des eaux douces d'Afrique de l'Ouest. p.35-66. In G.G. Teugels, J.F. Guégan and J.J. Albaret (eds.) Biological diversity of African fresh-and brackish water fishes. Geographical overviews presented at the PARADI Symposium, Senegal, 15-20 November 1993. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 275:177 p. (Ref. 13331) Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch0 Aquarien Atlas, Band 1. 10th edition. Mergus Verlag GmBH, Melle, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 13371) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p. (Ref. 26282) Paulo, J.0 Zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie westafrikanischer Höhlenbrüter am Beispiel von <i>Pelvicachromis taeniatus</i> (Boulenger, 1901) (Cichlidae). p. 225-232. In H. Greven and R. Riehl (eds.) Fortpflanzungsbiologie der Aquarienfische. Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag, Bornheim, Germany. (Ref. 26488) Lévêque, C., D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels0 Annotated check-list of the freshwater fishes of the Nilo-sudan river basins, in Africa. Rev. Hydrobiol. Trop. 24(2):131-154. (Ref. 28663) Schliewen, U.K.0 Aquarium fish. Barron's Education Series, Incorporated. 159 p. (Ref. 30491) Olaosebikan, B.D. and A. Raji0 Field guide to Nigerian freshwater fishes. Federal College of Freshwater Fisheries Technology, New Bussa, Nigeria. 106 p. (Ref. 31256) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Coleman, R.0 Cichlid egg size data. Cichlid Research homepage. (http://www.cichlidresearch.com/) (Ref. 42048) Bassleer, G.0 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) Varjo, M., L. Koli and H. Dahlström0 Kalannimiluettelo (versio 10/03). Suomen Biologian Seura Vanamo Ry. (Ref. 51086) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten (BMELF)0 Gutachten über Mindestanforderungen an die Haltung von Zierfischen (Süßwasser). Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten (BMELF), Bonn, Germany. 16 p. (Ref. 51539) Lamboj, A.0 The cichlid fishes of Western Africa. Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag, Bornheim, Germany. 255 p. (Ref. 52307) Mdaihli, M., T. du Feu and J.S.O. Ayeni0 Fisheries in the southern border zone of Takamanda Forest Reserve, Cameroon. p. 141-154. In J.A. Comiskey and T.C.H. Sunderland (eds). Takamanda: the Biodiversity of an African forest. SI/MAB Ser. 8. 182 p. (Ref. 52397) Oti, E.E.0 Studies on the ichthyofauna of Ehoma Floodplain, Afikpo Eastern Nigeria. p. 123-131. In M.L.D. Palomares, B. Samb, T. Diouf, J.M. Vakily and D. Pauly (eds.) Fish biodiversity: local studies as basis for global inferences. ACP-EU Fish. Res. Rep. 14:281 p. (Ref. 52861) Lamboj, A.0 <i>Pelvicachromis signatus</i> and <i>Pelvicachromis rubrolabiatus</i>, two new cichlid species (Teleostei, Perciformes) from Guinea, West Africa. Zootaxa 454:1-12. (Ref. 53266) Teugels, G.G. and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde0 Cichlidae. p. 521-600. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 2. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 815p. (Ref. 53405) Teugels, G.G. and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde0 Cichlidae. p. 520-600. In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. 815 p. (Ref. 57398) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Stiassny, M.L.J., A. Lamboj, D. De Weirdt and G.G. Teugels0 Cichlidae. p. 269-403. In M.L.J. Stiassny, G.G Teugels and C.D. Hopkins (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa Volume 2. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 42. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 603p. (Ref. 81260) Lamboj, A.0 A new dwarf cichlid (Perciformes) from Nigeria. Cybium 37(3):149-157. (Ref. 93865) Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante0 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) FB-GeneralDescr-7778 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1993-04-08 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7778 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Adults feed on worms, crustaceans and insects (Ref. 7020). In the river Sombreiro (Nigeria) observed to mainly feed on diatoms, algae, higher plants and detritus (Ref. 52307). Pair bonding (Ref. 52307), cave-spawning (Ref. 52307, 81260), substrate brooder (Ref. 81260). Aquarium keeping: in pairs; minimum aquarium size 80 cm (Ref. 51539). Daget, J. 1991 Pelvicachromis. p. 363-366. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5677) FB-DiagnosticDescr-7778 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Tobias Musschoot 2008-11-19 20:16:23 2018-02-02 21:57:40 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7778 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Diagnosis: body elongate, moderately compressed, its depth 28.4-36.8% of standard length; head length 27.8-34.5% of standard length; 4-5 rows of monocuspid teeth in jaws; dorsal fin usually with spots or bands, dark posteriorly; lower part of body often reddish in life (Ref. 53405). Black mid-lateral band extends over caudal fin; base of dorsal fin heavily pigmented dark grey or black (Ref. 81260).Description: moderately gracile (body depth 29.3-38.3%, mean 34.3% SL); head length 27.8-33.0% SL; dorsal head profile smoothly rounded to snout; snout short, 21.7-36.6% HL, rounded; ventral body wall gently rounded to caudal peduncle which is usually deeper than long; distance from snout to pelvic origin 33.4-40.9%, mean 37.2% SL (Ref. 81260). Pharyngeal jaw teeth bicuspid; no micro-gillrakers; scales cycloid (Ref. 53405). 8-12 tuberculate rakers on hypobranchial and ceratobranchial of first gill arch, 3-6 short epibranchial rakers; caudal fin rounded in both sexes, sometimes upper half elongate and lobe-like in males; males usually 15-25% larger than females, with soft dorsal and anal rays more elongated (Ref. 81260). Caudal fin always rounded in females, in males it can be rounded, rhomboid or sometimes with a slightly elongated upper lobe (Ref. 52307).Coloration: live: males: dark olivaceous-green above, with dark, grey longitudinal band running from eye to posterior part of dorsal-fin base; another dark grey horizontal band extends from snout to hind margin of caudal fin; lower part of body light olivaceous-green, belly pinkish; 2 narrow, dark grey cross bars on upper part of head and another at level of lower lip; opercular region olive-green, with golden reflections and metallic, copper-red to black spot, edged with bright green ventrally; dorsal fin hyaline except for black area behind dark red distal margin, with light blue submarginal band; pectoral fins hyaline except for some traces of olive-green at base and light violet near hind margin; pelvic fins violet, with black anterior margin and bright blue submarginal band; anal fin violet and black-edged; caudal fin violet above horizontal band and olive-green or orange below; upper caudal margin dark red, with dark orange submarginal band; sometimes 1 (rarely more) round, black, orange-edged spot on upper part of caudal fin (Ref. 53405). Cheeks and opercle variably colored: with yellow, red or blue flush; chest and belly red or yellow (rarely blue) (Ref. 81260). Females: horizontal bands on body darker grey than in males; dorsal fin lacking red and blue margins which are replaced by narrow black band; posterior black area subdivided into several irregular black zones or occasionally substituted by 1-2 round, black spots; pectoral fins hyaline; pelvic fins light pink rather than violet, and with blue and black margins; caudal fin lacking orange-red margin which is replaced by golden spots; upper part of caudal fin sometimes with 1 (or several) round, black spots bordered by golden area (Ref. 53405). Cheeks usually yellow, opercle yellow or blue; chest and belly red or violet (Ref. 81260). Stiassny, M.L.J., A. Lamboj, D. De Weirdt and G.G. Teugels 2008 Cichlidae. p. 269-403. In M.L.J. Stiassny, G.G Teugels and C.D. Hopkins (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa Volume 2. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 42. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 603p. (Ref. 81260) FB-Morphology-7778 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Tobias Musschoot 2008-11-19 20:16:23 2018-02-02 21:57:40 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7778 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Dorsal spines (total): 14 - 17; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8 - 10; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 6 - 8 Stiassny, M.L.J., A. Lamboj, D. De Weirdt and G.G. Teugels 2008 Cichlidae. p. 269-403. In M.L.J. Stiassny, G.G Teugels and C.D. Hopkins (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa Volume 2. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 42. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 603p. (Ref. 81260) FB-Distribution-7778 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1993-04-08 00:00:00 2017-08-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7778 Africa: eastern Benin, southern Nigeria and western Cameroon (Ref. 81260). Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch 1991 Aquarien Atlas. Band. 1. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 1672) FB-LifeCycle-7778 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1993-04-08 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=7778&StockCode=8088 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Spawns in caves. Paulo, J. 1995 Zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie westafrikanischer Höhlenbrüter am Beispiel von <i>Pelvicachromis taeniatus</i> (Boulenger, 1901) (Cichlidae). p. 225-232. In H. Greven and R. Riehl (eds.) Fortpflanzungsbiologie der Aquarienfische. Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag, Bornheim, Germany. (Ref. 26488) FB-Size-7778 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1993-04-08 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7778 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 11.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 5677)) Daget, J. 1991 Pelvicachromis. p. 363-366. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5677) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-7778-733 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-11-12 00:00:00 2003-11-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=7778&StockCode=8088 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Bacterial Infections (general). Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Habitat-7778 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1993-04-08 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7778 demersal; non-migratory (Ref. 126106); freshwater; brackish; pH range: 5.0 - 8.0; dH range: 5 - 19 Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106)