FB-7917 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7917 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Perciformes/Scorpaenoidei Scorpaenidae Parapterois Parapterois heterura (Bleeker, 1856) Diabo-voador Swartvoet-vuurvis Blackfoot firefish Gurnard lionfish Threadtail firefish Seto-minokasago To-ja-gam-p'eng 도자감펭 Jié wěi suō yóu Laaligere Nĭ suō yóu 异尾拟蓑鲉 拟蓑鲉 擬蓑鮋 異尾擬簑鮋 石狗公 Parapterois heterurus (Bleeker, 1856) Pterois heterurus Bleeker, 1856 Pterois nigripinnis Gilchrist, 1904 1993-04-21 2013-03-01 Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino0 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) Eschmeyer, W.N.0 Scorpaenidae. p. 463-478. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4313) Shen, S.C. (ed.)0 Fishes of Taiwan. Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei. 960 p. (Ref. 5193) Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga0 Fichas FAO de identificaçao de espécies para actividades de pesca. Guia de campo das espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Moçambique. Publicaçao preparada em collaboraçao com o Instituto de Investigaçao Pesquiera de Moçambique, com financiamento do Projecto PNUD/FAO MOZ/86/030 e de NORAD. Roma, FAO. 1990. 424 p. (Ref. 5213) Eschmeyer, W.N.0 PISCES. The information in FishBase was derived by comparing FishBase with a preliminary version 2.0 of Eschmeyer's PISCES database, published on the Internet in November 1996, URL:gopher://gopher.calacademy.org:640/7. (Ref. 7442) Yamada, U., S. Shirai, T. Irie, M. Tokimura, S. Deng, Y. Zheng, C. Li, Y.U. Kim and Y.S. Kim0 Names and illustrations of fishes from the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. Overseas Fishery Cooperation Foundation, Tokyo, Japan. 288 p. (Ref. 11230) Smith, A. and P. Dalzell0 Fisheries resources and management investigations in Woleai Atoll, Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia. South Pacific Commission, Noumea, New Caledonia. 46 p. (Ref. 26067) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p. (Ref. 26282) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Randall, J.E. and K.K.P. Lim (eds.)0 A checklist of the fishes of the South China Sea. Raffles Bull. Zool. Suppl. (8):569-667. (Ref. 36648) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Poss, S.G.0 Scorpaenidae. Scorpionfishes (also, lionfishes, rockfishes, stingfishes, stonefishes, and waspfishes). p. 2291-2352. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). Rome, FAO. 2069-2790 p. (Ref. 39597) Nakabo, T.0 Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, English edition I. Tokai University Press, Japan, pp v-866. (Ref. 41299) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated database version of March 2003. Database dump. Catalog databases as made available to FishBase in March 2003. (Ref. 46206) Allen, G.R. and M. Adrim0 Coral reef fishes of Indonesia. Zool. Stud. 42(1):1-72. (Ref. 47567) Huang, Z.0 Marine species and their distribution in China's seas. p. 404-463. Vertebrata. Smithsonian Institution, Florida, USA. 598 p. (Ref. 47843) Kuiter, R.H. and T. Tonozuka0 Pictorial guide to Indonesian reef fishes. Part 1. Eels- Snappers, Muraenidae - Lutjanidae. Zoonetics, Australia. 1-302. (Ref. 48635) Motomura, H.0 Morphological comparison of a poorly known scorpionfish, <i>Parapterois macrura</i>, with a related species, <i>P. heterura</i> (Scorpaenidae: Pteroinae). Zool. Stud. 43(1):1-7. (Ref. 54479) Chen, C.-H.0 Checklist of the fishes of Penghu. FRI Special Publication No. 4. 175 p. (Ref. 55073) Chinese Academy of Fishery Science (CAFS)0 Database of genetic resources of aquatic organisms in China (as of January 2007). Chinese Academy of Fishery Science. (Ref. 57879) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) Kim, I.S., Y. Choi, C.L. Lee, Y.J. Lee, B.J. Kim and J.H. Kim0 Illustrated book of Korean fishes. Kyo-Hak Pub Co. Seoul. 615p. (in Korean). (Ref. 77001) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research. (Ref. 90102) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) Iwamoto, T. and J.E. McCosker0 Deep-water fishes of the 2011 Hearst Philippine biodiversity expedition of the California Academy of Sciences. pp. 263-332. In Williams, G.C. and T.M. Gosliner (eds.) 2014. The Coral Triangle: the 2011 Hearst Philippine biodiversity expedition. California: San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences, 593 p. (Ref. 95664) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Patzner, R.A.0 Reproductive strategies of fish. pp. 311-350. In Rocha, M.J., A. Arukwe and B.G. Kapoor (eds). Fish reproduction: cytology, biology and ecology. Science Publisher, Inc. Oxford. 631 p. (Ref. 101194) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) FB-GeneralDescr-7917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1993-04-21 00:00:00 2013-03-01 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Usually found in sheltered coastal bays and fine sand or muddy habitats. May partly bury itself in the substrate during the day and is easily overlooked. When disturbed, the brightly colored pectoral fins probably serves to startle predators. The large fins serve primarily to corner prey when hunting (Ref. 48635). Trawled on soft bottom in coastal waters (Ref. 4313), to 300 m depth (Ref. 48635). Eschmeyer, W.N. 1986 Scorpaenidae. p. 463-478. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4313) FB-DiagnosticDescr-7917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-01-08 00:00:00 2013-03-01 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Long filaments at the tips of the dorsal fin spines and outer rays of the caudal fin (Ref. 48635).Description: Characterized by pale brownish or light grey color; head and body with irregular dark bars; dark brown pectoral fins with narrow blue bands; median fins with dark bands/spotting; deeply incised membranes of spinous portion of dorsal fin; enlarged and wing-like pectoral fins with rays fully connected by membranes except lower 7-8 with shallow incisions; elongated 1-2 upper caudal fin rays; body depth 3.3 in SL (Ref. 90102). Eschmeyer, W.N. 1986 Scorpaenidae. p. 463-478. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4313) FB-Morphology-7917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-01-08 00:00:00 2013-03-01 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7917 Dorsal spines (total): 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9; Analspines: 2; Analsoft rays: 7 - 8 Eschmeyer, W.N. 1986 Scorpaenidae. p. 463-478. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4313) FB-Distribution-7917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1993-04-21 00:00:00 2025-02-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Indo-West Pacific: Natal, South Africa to southern Japan (Ref. 4313). Two populations apparently exists, the Western Pacific and SE African coast (Ref. 54479). Eschmeyer, W.N. 1986 Scorpaenidae. p. 463-478. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4313) FB-Uses-7917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1993-04-21 00:00:00 2013-03-01 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial Eschmeyer, W.N. 1986 Scorpaenidae. p. 463-478. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4313) Eschmeyer, W.N. 1986 Scorpaenidae. p. 463-478. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4313) FB-Size-7917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1993-04-21 00:00:00 2013-03-01 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 38.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 90102)) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann 2012 Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research. (Ref. 90102) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-7917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1993-04-21 00:00:00 2013-03-01 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7917 demersal; marine; depth range 40 - 300 m (Ref. 4313) Eschmeyer, W.N. 1986 Scorpaenidae. p. 463-478. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4313)