FB-8195 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8195 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Characiformes Acestrorhamphidae Paracheirodon Paracheirodon axelrodi (Schultz, 1956) Neon czerwony a. neonek Axelroda Tetra cardinal Rød neon Kardinaltetra Roter Neon Cardinal tetra Neon Neon tetra Red neon Scarlet characin Kardinal-neoonkala Punane neoonharatsiin Kardinaalitetra Krasnyi neon Kardinaltetra 阿氏霓虹脂鯉 阿氏霓虹脂鲤 Cheirodon axelrodi Schultz, 1956 Hyphessobrycon cardinalis Myers & Weitzman, 1956 1993-08-10 2013-07-15 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch0 Aquarien Atlas. Band. 1. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 1672) Eschmeyer, W.N.0 Catalog of the genera of recent fishes. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA. 697 p. (Ref. 1830) Post, A.0 Vergleichende Untersuchungen der Chromosomenzahlen bei Süßwasser-Teleosteern. Z. 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Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) Evers, H.-G., J.K. Pinnegar and M.I. Taylor0 Where are they all from? – sources and sustainability in the ornamental freshwater fish trade. J. Fish. Biol. 2019:1-8. (Ref. 133106) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-8195-10534 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif Robbie N. Cada 1993-07-01 2008-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8195 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Paaxe_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Paaxe_u0.gif FB-pic-8195-15581 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Rodolfo B. Reyes 1997-09-25 2008-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8195 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Paaxe_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Paaxe_u0.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-8195 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1993-08-10 00:00:00 2025-07-01 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8195 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Occurs mainly in shoals in the middle water layers. Feeds on worms and small crustaceans (Ref. 7020). Breeding in captivity is possible but difficult and most specimens in the aquarium trade are caught in the tributaries of the Rio Negro and Orinoco. Eggs hatch in 24 to 30 hours and fry are free-swimming after 3 to 4 days in captivity (Ref. 7020). One of the most popular and beautiful aquarium fishes. Aquarium keeping: in groups of 5 or more individuals; minimum aquarium size 60 cm (Ref. 51539). Lima, F.C.T., L.R. Malabarba, P.A. Buckup, J.F. Pezzi da Silva, R.P. Vari, A. Harold, R. Benine, O.T. Oyakawa, C.S. Pavanelli, N.A. Menezes, C.A.S. Lucena, M.C.S.L. Malabarba, Z.M.S. Lucena, R.E. Reis, F. Langeani, C. Moreira et al. … 2003 Genera Incertae Sedis in Characidae. p. 106-168. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 38376) FB-Distribution-8195 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1993-08-10 00:00:00 2024-01-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8195 South America: Upper Orinoco and Negro River basins. Lima, F.C.T., L.R. Malabarba, P.A. Buckup, J.F. Pezzi da Silva, R.P. Vari, A. Harold, R. Benine, O.T. Oyakawa, C.S. Pavanelli, N.A. Menezes, C.A.S. Lucena, M.C.S.L. Malabarba, Z.M.S. Lucena, R.E. Reis, F. Langeani, C. Moreira et al. … 2003 Genera Incertae Sedis in Characidae. p. 106-168. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 38376) FB-Uses-8195 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1993-08-10 00:00:00 2025-07-01 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8195 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: highly commercial; aquarium: highly commercial Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch 1991 Aquarien Atlas. Band. 1. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 1672) Evers, H.-G., J.K. Pinnegar and M.I. Taylor 2019 Where are they all from? – sources and sustainability in the ornamental freshwater fish trade. J. Fish. Biol. 2019:1-8. (Ref. 133106) FB-TrophicStrategy-8195 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-11-27 00:00:00 2000-11-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public axelrodi http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Occurs mainly in shoals in the middle water layers. Feeds on worms and small crustaceans. Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch 1996 Aquarien Atlas, Band 1. 10th edition. Mergus Verlag GmBH, Melle, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 13371) FB-Size-8195 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1993-08-10 00:00:00 2025-07-01 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8195 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 3.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 137577)) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and … 2022 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-8195-733 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-05 00:00:00 2003-09-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8195&StockCode=8508 Bacterial Infections (general). Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Diseases-8195-185 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-25 00:00:00 2003-10-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8195&StockCode=8508 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Columnaris Disease (e.). Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-8195-127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-10-21 00:00:00 2003-10-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8195&StockCode=8508 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Columnaris Disease (l.). Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-8195-1162 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-10-21 00:00:00 2003-10-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8195&StockCode=8508 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Congenital Deformities. Others Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-8195-1166 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-10-21 00:00:00 2003-10-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8195&StockCode=8508 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat DMS. Others Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-8195-728 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-25 00:00:00 2003-09-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8195&StockCode=8508 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution False Neon Disease. Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-8195-153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-05 00:00:00 2003-09-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8195&StockCode=8508 Fin Rot (early stage). Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Diseases-8195-6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-05 00:00:00 2003-09-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8195&StockCode=8508 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Fin-rot Disease (late stage). Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Diseases-8195-1149 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-10-01 00:00:00 2003-10-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8195&StockCode=8508 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Fish tuberculosis (FishMB). Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-8195-360 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-10-21 00:00:00 2003-10-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8195&StockCode=8508 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Hole-in-the-Head Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-8195-409 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-10-21 00:00:00 2003-10-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8195&StockCode=8508 Ichthyobodo Infection. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-8195-205 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-05 00:00:00 2003-10-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8195&StockCode=8508 Livoneca Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Diseases-8195-732 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-08-26 00:00:00 2004-01-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8195&StockCode=8508 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Metacercaria Infection (Flatworms). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Diseases-8195-1150 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-10-21 00:00:00 2003-10-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8195&StockCode=8508 Old-age Disease. Others Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-8195-367 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-05 00:00:00 2003-10-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8195&StockCode=8508 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Pop-eye disease. Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Diseases-8195-325 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-10-16 00:00:00 2004-01-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8195&StockCode=8508 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Skeletal deformities. Others Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-8195-366 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-05 00:00:00 2003-09-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8195&StockCode=8508 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Skin Fungi (Saprolegnia sp.). Fungal diseases Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Diseases-8195-729 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-10-21 00:00:00 2003-10-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8195&StockCode=8508 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Tetrahymena Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-8195-14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-05 00:00:00 2003-09-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8195&StockCode=8508 White spot Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Habitat-8195 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1993-08-10 00:00:00 2025-07-01 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8195 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size pelagic; non-migratory; freshwater; pH range: 4.0 - 6.0; dH range: 5 - 12