FB-8380 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8380 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Osteoglossiformes Mormyridae Petrocephalus Petrocephalus catostoma (Günther, 1866) Churchill Kupandula Ninga Northern churchill Silwer-snawelvis Stompkoppie Chise Rypoun tupohlavý Churchill Kunene Northern churchill Alasuu-kivipeakala Hohtonuijakala Kizurizuri Ntachi Netsenetse Chonjo Abobo Imbaraga Mputa Obobo Samwamowa 下口岩头长颌鱼 下口岩頭長頜魚 斯氏岩头长颌鱼 斯氏岩頭長頜魚 Mormyrus catostoma Günther, 1866 Petrocephalus catastoma (Günther, 1866) Petrocephalus catostoma catostoma (Günther, 1866) Petrocephalus catostomus (Günther, 1866) 1993-09-01 2015-12-24 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Boulenger, G.A.0 Catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of Africa in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I. Printed by order of the Trustees, London. 373 p. (Ref. 1878) Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl0 Aquarien atlas. Band 2. Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde GmbH, Melle, Germany. 1216 p. (Ref. 2060) Gosse, J.-P.0 Mormyridae. p. 63-122. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ORSTOM, Paris and MRAC, Tervuren. Vol. 1. (Ref. 3203) Greenwood, P.H.0 The Fishes of Uganda. The Uganda Society, Kampala. 131p. (Ref. 4903) Eccles, D.H.0 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Tanzania. Prepared and published with the support of the United Nations Development Programme (project URT/87/016). FAO, Rome. 145 p. (Ref. 4967) Bruton, M.N., P.B.N. Jackson and P.H. Skelton0 Pocket guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Centaur Publishers, p.88. (Ref. 5214) Konings, A.0 Ad Konings's book of cichlids and all the other fishes of Lake Malawi. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. 495 p. 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(Ref. 12526) Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818) Skelton, P.H.0 Diversity and distribution of freshwater fishes in East and Southern Africa. p.95-131. In G.G. Teugels, J.F. Guégan and J.J. Albaret (eds.) Biological diversity of African fresh-and brackish water fishes. Geographical overviews presented at the PARADI Symposium, Senegal, 15-20 November 1993. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr. Zool. 275. (Ref. 13332) Bell-Cross, G. and J.L. Minshull0 The fishes of Zimbabwe. National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe. 294 p. (Ref. 13337) Fermon, Y.0 Les <i>Haplochromis</i> spp. (Teleostei, Cichlidae) des zones rocheuses du Mwanza Gulf, Lac Victoria, Tanzanie: Structure des communautés et écomorphologie. Thèse présentée pour l'obtention du Diplôme de Doctorat du Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle. Thèses et Documents Microfichés No. 157. ORSTOM, Paris. 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Thys van den Audenaerde0 L'ichtyofaune du bassin de la Malagarasi (système du lac Tanganyika): une synthèse de la connaissance actuelle. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 285:117-135. (Ref. 54847) Snoeks, J. (ed.)0 The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa: identification, distribution and taxonomy. Cichlid Press, El Paso, USA, 360p. (Ref. 55463) Skelton, P.H.0 Changes to the scientific and common names of southern African freshwater fishes. Afr. J. Aquat. Sci. 27:171-174. (Ref. 55511) Okedi, J.0 A study of the fecundity of some mormyrid fishes from Lake Victoria. E. Afr. Agric. Forest. J. 35:436-442. (Ref. 55748) Snoeks, J.0 The non-cichlid fishes of the Lake Malawi system: a compilation. p. 20-26. In Snoeks, J. (ed.) The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa: identification, distribution and taxonomy. Cichlid Press, El Paso, USA, 360p. 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Wink0 A critical revision of the churchill snoutfish, genus <i>Petrocephalus</i> Marcusen, 1854 (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Mormyridae), from southern and eastern Africa, with the recognition of <i>Petrocephalus tanensis</i>, and the description of five new species. Journal of Natural History 46(35-36):2179-2258. (Ref. 91771) Lavoué, S.0 <i>Petrocephalus</i> Marcusen, 1854 (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) of the Bangweulu-Mweru ecoregion (Luapula River system, Congo basin), with the description of a new species. J. Nat. Hist. 46(35-36):2159-2178. (Ref. 91772) Bernacsek, G.M.0 Introduction to the freshwater fishes of Tanzania. University of Dar-es-Salaam, Department of Zoology, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. 78 p. (Ref. 93960) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) Lavoué, S. and J.P. 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McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-8380-13412 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1997-02-18 1997-02-18 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8380 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pecat_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Pecat_u0.gif FB-pic-8380-13413 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1997-02-18 2003-06-17 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8380 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pecat_u3.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Pecat_u3.gif FB-GeneralDescr-8380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1993-09-01 00:00:00 2015-12-24 16:56:06 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8380 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Occurs in shallow and muddy waters, sheltered bays, in lagoons, and swampy areas; prefers quiet parts of rivers where there is abundant vegetation (Ref. 13337). Forms shoals (Ref. 13337) within quiet reaches of rivers and floodplains, and with other species with identical electric organ discharge (EOD) waveforms (Ref. 10460). Feeds on insects, found on river bed or in marginal vegetation (Ref. 12526), on insect larvae and other invertebrates at night (Ref. 5595). Known to undergo upriver migration (Ref. 13337, 10608) which may well be correlated with breeding (Ref. 13337). Breeds during the rainy season, possibly moving upstream to suitable sites (Ref. 10608). An unconfirmed report claims the males are territorial and build a nest (Ref. 7248). Caught in nets for food (5214). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Kramer, B., R. Bills, P. Skelton and M. Wink 2012 A critical revision of the churchill snoutfish, genus <i>Petrocephalus</i> Marcusen, 1854 (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Mormyridae), from southern and eastern Africa, with the recognition of <i>Petrocephalus tanensis</i>, and the description of five new species. Journal of Natural History 46(35-36):2179-2258. (Ref. 91771) FB-DiagnosticDescr-8380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1998-09-30 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8380 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Description: Body oval shape (Ref. 91771). Head broadly rounded with a small ventrally positioned subterminal mouth, situated ventral to the eye; head and body dorsolaterally compressed (Ref. 91771). Dorsal fin origin situated about two-thirds of standard length from snout, obliquely orientated, anteriorly higher and posteriorly lower, its distal margin crescentic with anterior two or three rays longer than posterior rays; 18-22 dorsal fin rays (Ref. 91771). Anal fin longer than dorsal fin, opposite dorsal fin with slightly more anterior origin, obliquely orientated, anteriorly lower and posteriorly higher, its anterior 10 or so rays longer than posterior ones, especially in males where they also appear stronger, its margin broadly rounded and rays posterior to first 10 with distal margin straight; 25-28 anal fin rays (Ref. 91771). Scales cycloid with reticulate striae, scales extending anteriorly to operculum and pectoral fins; scales on caudal peduncle circumference (Ref. 91771). Caudal peduncle slender, subcylindrical entire length, usually 19.5-23.9% of standard length.Colour: Grey-silver, underside lighter, paired fins light and transparent, goldbrownish hue on back and tail section (Ref. 91771). In preservation it is light brown, back darker, underside fair (Ref. 91771). Kramer, B., R. Bills, P. Skelton and M. Wink 2012 A critical revision of the churchill snoutfish, genus <i>Petrocephalus</i> Marcusen, 1854 (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Mormyridae), from southern and eastern Africa, with the recognition of <i>Petrocephalus tanensis</i>, and the description of five new species. Journal of Natural History 46(35-36):2179-2258. (Ref. 91771) FB-Morphology-8380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1998-09-30 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8380 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 18 - 22; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 25 - 28 Kramer, B., R. Bills, P. Skelton and M. Wink 2012 A critical revision of the churchill snoutfish, genus <i>Petrocephalus</i> Marcusen, 1854 (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Mormyridae), from southern and eastern Africa, with the recognition of <i>Petrocephalus tanensis</i>, and the description of five new species. Journal of Natural History 46(35-36):2179-2258. (Ref. 91771) FB-Distribution-8380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1993-09-01 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8380 East Africa: Rovuma River system including Niassa Reserve, and western confluences to Lake Malawi (Ref. 91771). Following a recent revision of the Petrocephalus catostoma complex (Ref. 91771), unambiquous evidence for the presence of this species in the Bangweulu-Mweru area (and consequently the Congo basin) is still lacking (Ref. 91772). Kramer, B., R. Bills, P. Skelton and M. Wink 2012 A critical revision of the churchill snoutfish, genus <i>Petrocephalus</i> Marcusen, 1854 (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Mormyridae), from southern and eastern Africa, with the recognition of <i>Petrocephalus tanensis</i>, and the description of five new species. Journal of Natural History 46(35-36):2179-2258. (Ref. 91771) FB-Uses-8380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1993-09-01 00:00:00 2015-12-24 16:56:06 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8380 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: subsistence fisheries; aquarium: commercial Skelton, P.H. 1993 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. 388 p. (Ref. 7248) Konings, A. 1990 Ad Konings's book of cichlids and all the other fishes of Lake Malawi. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. 495 p. (Ref. 5595) FB-Migration-8380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1993-09-01 00:00:00 2015-12-24 16:56:06 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8380 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-TrophicStrategy-8380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-11-28 00:00:00 2001-03-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public catostoma http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Occurs in shallow and muddy waters, sheltered bays, in lagoons, and swampy areas. Forms shoal. Frequency of occurence in Caprivi: occasionally in sandy streams, occasionally on rocky streams, common in shallow swamps, and common in shallow flood plains (Ref. 037065). Prefers quiet parts of rivers where there is abundant vegetation. Feeds mostly on insect larvae and other invertebrates at night. Shoals within quiet reaches of rivers and floodplains. Known to undergo upriver migration which may well be correlated with breeding. Breeds during the rainy season, possibly moving upstream to suitable sites. An unconfirmed report claims the males are territorial and build a nest (Ref. 7248). Found schooling with other species with identical electric organ discharge (EOD) waveforms (Ref. 10460). Gosse, J.-P. 1984 Mormyridae. p. 63-122. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ORSTOM, Paris and MRAC, Tervuren. Vol. 1. (Ref. 3203) FB-Size-8380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1993-09-01 00:00:00 2015-12-24 16:56:06 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8380 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 15.0 cm FL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 5214)) Bruton, M.N., P.B.N. Jackson and P.H. Skelton 1982 Pocket guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Centaur Publishers, p.88. (Ref. 5214) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-8380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1993-09-01 00:00:00 2015-12-24 16:56:06 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8380 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size demersal; potamodromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)