FB-8816 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8816 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Perciformes/Serranoidei Epinephelidae Cephalopholis Cephalopholis fulva (Linnaeus, 1758) Graniec jasnobrzuchy Caraúna Catoá Catuá Garoupa Garoupa-chita Garoupa-pintada-da-Bahia Garoupinha Jabu Pirauna Piraúna كوني Østamerikansk påfuglebars Black guativere Butterfish Coney Deady Lemon-yellow butterfish Negrofish Niggerfish Red guativere Rockhind Small grouper Yellowfish Kariibi küülikahven Coné ouatalibi Guativere Ouatalibi Tanche Tanche grise Kurakakehata гуативере Arigua Cabrilla roja Canario Cherna cabrilla Corruncha Fino Guatibero Guatívere Guativere amarillo Mantequilla Mero Negrita Purunchi pretu Rei di punchi Zwarte sproetelvis 金黃九棘鱸 金黄九棘鲈 Bodianus guativere Bloch & Schneider, 1801 Cephalopholis fulvus (Linnaeus, 1758) Epinephelus fulva (Linnaeus, 1758) Epinephelus fulvus (Linnaeus, 1758) Gymnocephalus ruber Bloch & Schneider, 1801 Holocentrus auratus Bloch, 1790 Labrus fulvus Linnaeus, 1758 Perca punctata Linnaeus, 1758 Serranus carauna Valenciennes, 1828 Serranus ouatalibi Valenciennes, 1828 1994-02-23 2024-08-12 Thompson, R. and J.L. 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Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8816 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ceful_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Ceful_u3.jpg FB-pic-8816-11174 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-05-24 1996-05-24 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8816 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ceful_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Ceful_u0.gif FB-pic-8816-12230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-11-04 2002-02-17 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8816 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ceful_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Ceful_u0.jpg FB-pic-8816-12231 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-11-05 2002-02-17 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8816 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ceful_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Ceful_u1.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-8816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-02-23 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8816 Adults prefer coral reefs and clear water. In the Gulf of Mexico, they are found in clear deep reefs (at least 45 m). At Bermuda and the West Indies, they are common in shallow water, but they usually hide in caves or under ledges during the day. The species is protogynous with females maturing at 16 cm TL and transforming to males at about 20 cm. Males are territorial. Feed mainly on small fishes and crustaceans. May follow morays and snake eels to feed on flushed preys. Wary, but approachable (Ref. 9710). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-DiagnosticDescr-8816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-09 00:00:00 2013-08-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8816 Body and fins red; many small blue spots edged with black line scattered on body; dorsal edge of caudal peduncle with 2 prominent black spots; a pair of black blotches on tip of lower jaw (Ref. 13608); depth of body 2.6-2.9 in SL; head length 2.3-2.5 in SL; flat interorbital area; rounded preopercle, with shallow notch above the angle with upper edge finely serrate and moderately enlarged, lower edge fleshy; subopercle and interopercle smooth; posterior and anterior nostrils small and subequal; scaly maxilla, reaching to or beyond vertical at rear edge of eye; caudal fin convex posteriorly, corners angular; ctenoid lateral-body scales (Ref. 089707). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Morphology-8816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-09 00:00:00 2013-08-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8816 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14 - 16; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 9 Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Distribution-8816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-02-23 00:00:00 2023-12-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8816 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Western Atlantic: South Carolina, USA and Bermuda to southern Brazil. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Uses-8816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-02-23 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8816 fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: commercial Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) IGFA 2009 Database of IGFA angling records until 2009. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. Sadovy, Y. 1992 A preliminary assessment of the marine aquarium export trade in Puerto Rico. Proceedings of the Seventh International Coral Reef Symposium, Guam, Vol. 2, p. 1014-1021. (Ref. 12090) FB-LifeCycle-8816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-02-23 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=8816&StockCode=9137 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Mature females transform to males at a length of about 20 cm. Spawning occurs just before sunset over several days, and a male will spawn daily with each of the several females in his harem. Fecundity estimates range from about 150,000 to 282,000 eggs per female; with eggs 0.95 mm in diameter and having a single oil globule. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-TrophicStrategy-8816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-19 00:00:00 2022-08-01 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public fulva http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Prefers coral reefs and clear water. In the Gulf of Mexico, it occurs in clear deep reefs (at least 45 m). At Bermuda and the West Indies, the species is common in shallow water, but it usually hides in caves or under ledges during the day. Males are territorial. Feeds on fish and benthic invertebrates (Ref. 33). Carnivore (Ref. 33499, 57616). Maco-carnivore (Ref. 126840). Also cleaned by Thalassoma noronhanum observed at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago off northeastern Brazil (Ref. 36301). Randall, J.E. 1967 Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. Miami 5:665-847. (Ref. 33) FB-Size-8816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-02-23 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8816 44.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 116036)); max. reported age: 11 years (Ref. 36271) Burton, M.L., J.C. Potts and D.R. Carr 2015 Age, growth and natural mortality of coney <i>Cephalopholis fulva</i>) from the southeasternUnited States. PeerJ 3:e825. (Ref. 116036) Potts, J.C. and C.S. Manooch III 1999 Observations on the age and growth of graysby and coney from the southeastern United States. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 128(4):751-757. (Ref. 36271) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-8816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-02-23 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8816 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 1 - 150 m (Ref. 26938), usually 1 - 40 m (Ref. 89707) Smith, C.L. 1997 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938) Craig, M.T., YJ. Sadovy de Mitcheson and P.C. Heemstra 2011 Groupers of the world: a field and market guide. North America: CRC Press/Taylor and Francis Group, xix, 356 p., A47 pages appendix. (Ref. 89707)