FB-8929 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8929 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Rajiformes Rajidae Raja Raja radula Delaroche, 1809 Raia-áspersa Raja therëse Raja turishtypur Raje therese Baqaret Mabrad Ru rokke Rauer Rochen Raurochen Rough ray Rough skate Tömpkoon-rai Raie rape Raie râpe Raie-râpe Raža tuponska Picara spinosa Picara tunna Pichira magnusa Pichira spinusa Rasa Rasa spinosa Raspo Razza scuffina Raja petruza Raja tar-ramel Vatoz Vatoz balığı Raya áspera Hrapava raža Radularog Rajada peluda Trachyvatos Βατί Βάτος Ράγια Ράτσα Ρίνα Σαλάχι Τραχύβατος 粗背鰩 粗背鳐 Raja atra Müller & Henle, 1841 1994-03-04 2002-02-11 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel0 Rajidae. p. 163-196. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. 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Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8929 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Rarad_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Rarad_u1.gif FB-GeneralDescr-8929 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1994-03-04 00:00:00 2002-02-11 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8929 Range from coastal waters to about 300 m depth (Ref. 3167). Feed on all kinds of bottom animals (Ref. 3167). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). About 80-154 eggs are laid by an individual in a year (Ref. 41305). McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn 1998 Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314) FB-Distribution-8929 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1994-03-04 00:00:00 2017-08-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8929 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Eastern Atlantic: known only from the Mediterranean but may penetrate through the Strait of Gibraltar and possibly to northern Morocco. Some Atlantic records probably misidentifications of Raja naevus and/or Raja africana. Stehmann, M. 1990 Rajidae. p. 29-50. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic. Junta Nacional de Investigaçao Cientifica e Tecnológica, Lisbon, Portugal. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4426) FB-Uses-8929 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1994-03-04 00:00:00 2002-02-11 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8929 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: commercial Schneider, W. 1990 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. Prepared and published with the support of the FAO Regional Office for Africa. Rome: FAO. 268 p. FB-LifeCycle-8929 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1994-03-04 00:00:00 2002-02-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=8929&StockCode=9252 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Spawns throughout the year with maximum number of egg-cases laid in late spring and summer, embryos developing in about 4 months (Ref. 3167). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-8929 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2001-02-06 00:00:00 2001-02-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public radula http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Ranges from coastal waters to about 300 m depth. Feeds on all kinds of bottom animals. Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel 1984 Rajidae. p. 163-196. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 3167) FB-Size-8929 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1994-03-04 00:00:00 2002-02-11 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8929 70.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4426)) Stehmann, M. 1990 Rajidae. p. 29-50. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic. Junta Nacional de Investigaçao Cientifica e Tecnológica, Lisbon, Portugal. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4426) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-8929 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1994-03-04 00:00:00 2002-02-11 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8929 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats demersal; marine; depth range ? - 300 m (Ref. 4426) Stehmann, M. 1990 Rajidae. p. 29-50. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic. Junta Nacional de Investigaçao Cientifica e Tecnológica, Lisbon, Portugal. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4426)