<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?><response xmlns="http://www.eol.org/transfer/content/0.1"
	xmlns:xsd="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
	xmlns:dc="https://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:dcterms="https://purl.org/dc/terms/"
	xmlns:geo="https://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#"
	xmlns:dwc="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/dwcore/"
	xmlns:xsi="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.eol.org/transfer/content/0.1 http://services.eol.org/schema/content_0_2.xsd">
<taxon>
	<dc:identifier>FB-8969</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8969</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Elasmobranchii</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Myliobatiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Dasyatidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Taeniurops</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Taeniurops grabatus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pl'>Patelnica</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Ratão</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Uge</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ar'>Basternâk Afriqyeh</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='cs'>Trnucha okrouhlá</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Runder Stechrochen</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Round fantail stingray</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Round stingray</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Ümar rihmsabarai</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Pastenague africaine</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Pastenague ronde</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='it'>Trigone africano</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tr'>Tırpana balığı</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tr'>Yuvarlak rina</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Chucho negro</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Chupare redondo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Pastinaca redonda</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Ronde waaierstaartpijlstaartrog</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Tenioura</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Ταινίουρα</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>圆条尾魟</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>圓條尾魟</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Taeniura grabata (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Taeniura grabatus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Taeniurops grabata (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Trygon grabatus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1994-03-05</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2019-10-07</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=8969'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3169&amp;speccode=8969'>McEachran, J.D. and C. Capapé0 Dasyatidae. p. 197-202. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 3169)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3261&amp;speccode=8969'>Bauchot, M.-L.0 Raies et autres batoides. p. 845-886. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identificationpour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Mèditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3261)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4438&amp;speccode=8969'>Capapé, C. and M. Desoutter0 Dasyatidae. p. 59-63. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4438)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4517&amp;speccode=8969'>Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6313&amp;speccode=8969'>Grabda, E. and T. Heese0 Polskie nazewnictwo popularne kraglouste i ryby. Cyclostomata et Pisces. Wyzsza Szkola Inzynierska w Koszalinie. Koszalin, Poland. 171 p. (in Polish). (Ref. 6313)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6808&amp;speccode=8969'>Brito, A.0 Catalogo de los pesces de las Islas Canarias. Francisco Lemus, la Laguna. 230 p. (Ref. 6808)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6810&amp;speccode=8969'>Ofori-adu, D.W.0 List of fishes, shellfishes and other marine food resources in the Ghanaian coastal waters. Mar. Fish. Res. Tech. Pap. No. 1. 43 p. (Ref. 6810)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9057&amp;speccode=8969'>Economidis, P.S.0 Catalogue of the fishes of Greece. Reprinted from Hellenic Oceanology and Limnology, Praktika of the Inst. of Ocean. and Fishing Research, vol. 11 (1972). (Ref. 9057)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9995&amp;speccode=8969'>Stehmann, M.0 Rajidae. p. 58-69. In J.C. Hureau and Th. Monod (eds.) Checklist of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean (CLOFNAM), UNESCO, Paris, Vol. 1. (Ref. 9995)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12541&amp;speccode=8969'>Goren, M. and M. Dor0 An updated checklist of the fishes of the Red Sea (CLOFRES II). The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem, Israel. 120 p. (Ref. 12541)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12951&amp;speccode=8969'>Michael, S.W.0 Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p. (Ref. 12951)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27000&amp;speccode=8969'>Reiner, F.0 Catálogo dos peixes do arquipélago de Cabo Verde. Publ. Avuls. Inst. Port. Invest. Mar. 2:339 p. (Ref. 27000)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=8969'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='972-9340-92-7.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35204&amp;speccode=8969'>Santos, R.S., F.M. Porteiro and J.P. Barreiros0 Marine fishes of the Azores: annotated checklist and bibliography. Bulletin of the University of Azores. Supplement 1. 244 p. (Ref. 35204)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35509&amp;speccode=8969'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Intitut fur Seefischerei (ISH). BIOLAB Forschungsinstitut, Hohenwestedt, Germany. (Ref. 35509)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-8018-6048-2' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35766&amp;speccode=8969'>Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)</reference>
	<reference isbn='84-931926-0-0.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=39531&amp;speccode=8969'>Crespo, J., J. Gajate and R. Ponce0 Clasificación científica e identificación de nombres vernáculos existentes en la base de datos de seguimiento informático de recursos naturales oceánicos. Instituto Español de Oceanografia, Madrid, Spain. 414 p. (Ref. 39531)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40637&amp;speccode=8969'>IGFA0 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40845&amp;speccode=8969'>Serena, F., R. Silvestri and A. Voliani0 Incidental capture of &lt;i&gt;T. grabata&lt;/i&gt; (E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) (Chondrichthyes, Dasyatidae). Biol. Mar. Mediterr. 6(1):617-618. (Ref. 40845)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41387&amp;speccode=8969'>Serena, F., R. Silvestri and A. Voliani0 Su una cattura accidentale di &lt;i&gt;Taeniura grabata&lt;/i&gt; (E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) (Condrichthyes, Dasyatidae). Biol. Mar. Mediterr. 6(1):617-618. (Ref. 41387)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41474&amp;speccode=8969'>Economidis, P.S.0 Common names of Hellenic marine fishes. Aristotle University, Unpublished Technical Report. (Ref. 41474)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41475&amp;speccode=8969'>Economidis, P.S. and E. Koutrakis0 Common names of comercially important Hellenic marine organisms. Aristotle University, Unpublished Technical Report. (Ref. 41475)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41476&amp;speccode=8969'>Deval, M.C.0 Common names of marine fishes of Turkey. Unpublished report. (Ref. 41476)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43403&amp;speccode=8969'>Wirtz, P.0 Underwater Guide. Fish of Madeira, Canary Islands and Azores. Verlag Stephanie Naglschmid Stuttgart. (Ref. 43403)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43454&amp;speccode=8969'>Bor, P.H.F.0 Nederlandse naamlijst van de recente haaien en roggen (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) van de wereld. World Wide Web electronic publication www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl, version (05/2002). (Ref. 43454)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50345&amp;speccode=8969'>Quignard, J.P. and J.A. Tomasini0 Mediterranean fish biodiversity. Biol. Mar. Mediterr. 7(3):1-66. (Ref. 50345)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50449&amp;speccode=8969'>Dulvy, N.K. and J.D. Reynolds0 Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 264:1309-1315. (Ref. 50449)</reference>
	<reference isbn='2-84138-145-5' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50675&amp;speccode=8969'>Louisy, P.0 Guide d'identification des poissons marins. Europe et Méditerranée. Paris: Eds. Eugène Ulmer. (Ref. 50675)</reference>
	<reference isbn='80-7036-139-5' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51055&amp;speccode=8969'>Hanel, L. and J. Novák0 České názvy zivočichů V. Ryby a ryboviti obratlovci (Pisces) 3., maloústí (Gonorhynchiformes) - máloostní (Cypriniformes). Národní muzeum (zoologické oddělení), Praha. (Ref. 51055)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=55783&amp;speccode=8969'>Mohamed Fall, K.O.0 Fishes of Mauritania. Unpublished compilation of K.O. Mohamed Fall. (Ref. 55783)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57855&amp;speccode=8969'>Bilecenoğlu, M., Taskavak E., S. Mater and M. Kaya0 Checklist of the marine fishes of Turkey. Zootaxa 113(1):1-194. (Ref. 57855)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=8969'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=74429&amp;speccode=8969'>George, M.R. and H. Zidowitz0 Checkliste der europäischen Knorpelfischarten mit wissenschaftlichen und deutschen Namen. Z. Fischk. Bd. 8 Heft 1/2:71-81. (Ref. 74429)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=74541&amp;speccode=8969'>Wirtz, P., R. Fricke and M.J. Biscoito0 The coastal fishes of Madeira Island - new records and an annotated check-list. Zootaxa 1715:1-26. (Ref. 74541)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=75549&amp;speccode=8969'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83882&amp;speccode=8969'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=84159&amp;speccode=8969'>Golani, D. and S. V. Bogorodsky0 The fishes of the Red Sea - reappraisal and updated checklist. Zootaxa 2463:1-135. (Ref. 84159)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=89450&amp;speccode=8969'>IUCN0 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded in November 2011. (Ref. 89450)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=90062&amp;speccode=8969'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=94080&amp;speccode=8969'>Wirtz, P., A. Brito, J.M. Falcón, R. Freitas, R. Fricke, V. Monteiro, F. Reiner and O. Tariche0 The coastal fishes of the Cape Verde Islands - new records and an annotated check-list. Spixiana 36(1):113-142. (Ref. 94080)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=95489&amp;speccode=8969'>Goren, M.0 The fishes of the Mediterranean: a biota under siege. pp. 385-400. In Goffredo, S. and Z. Dubinsky. 2014. The Mediterranean Sea: its history and present challenges. Springer Netherlands. 655 pp. (Ref. 95489)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=95632&amp;speccode=8969'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=95871&amp;speccode=8969'>Psomadakis, P.N., S. Giustino and M. Vacchi0 Mediterranean fish biodiversity: an updated inventory with focus on the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas. Zootaxa 3263:1-46. (Ref. 95871)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101110&amp;speccode=8969'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105471&amp;speccode=8969'>eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=106604&amp;speccode=8969'>Weigmann, S.0 Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. J. Fish Biol. 88(1):1-201. (Ref. 106604)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=115257&amp;speccode=8969'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118272&amp;speccode=8969'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=123477&amp;speccode=8969'>ECoF, Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes0 Catalog of Fishes. 1985 - onwards. &lt;b&gt;CITATION NOT TO BE USED OUTSIDE FISHBASE.  SEE REMARKS&lt;/b&gt;. Authorship varies in time: Eschmeyer, W.N.; Fricke, R.; Van der Laan, R.  Web database. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp (Ref. 123477)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=124786&amp;speccode=8969'>Tsikliras, A.C. and D. Dimarchopoulou0 Filling in knowledge gaps: Length-weight relations of 46 uncommon sharks and rays (Elasmobranchii) in the Mediterranean Sea. Acta Ichthyol. et Pisc. 51(3):249-255. (Ref. 124786)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=132996&amp;speccode=8969'>Bañón, R., F. Baldó, F. González‑Carrión and A. de Carlos0 Northern range extension of the round stingray &lt;i&gt;Taeniurops grabatus&lt;/i&gt; (Geoffroy Saint‑Hilaire, 1817) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae). Environ Biol Fish (published online). (Ref. 132996)</reference><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-GeneralDescr-8969</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1994-03-05 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2019-10-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8969</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>A neritic, coastal species (Ref. 27000).  Generally found on sand and rock-sand bottoms (Ref. 6808).  Partially covered with sand or mud.  Feeds on bottom-living fishes and crustaceans.  Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4438&amp;speccode=8969'>Capapé, C. and M. Desoutter 1990 Dasyatidae. p. 59-63. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4438)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-8969</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1994-03-05 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-11-05 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8969</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Eastern Atlantic:  Canary Islands (Ref. 6808) and Mauritania to Angola, including Cape Verde.  Also in the Mediterranean, from Tunisia to Egypt.</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4438&amp;speccode=8969'>Capapé, C. and M. Desoutter 1990 Dasyatidae. p. 59-63. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4438)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Uses-8969</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1994-03-05 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2019-10-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8969</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>fisheries: commercial</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2683'>Schneider, W. 1990 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. Prepared and published with the support of the FAO Regional Office for Africa. Rome: FAO. 268 p.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-LifeCycle-8969</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1994-03-05 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2019-10-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=8969&amp;StockCode=9291</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=8969'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-TrophicStrategy-8969</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Drina Sta. Iglesia</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2001-02-06 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2001-02-06 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>grabatus</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>A neritic, coastal species. Generally found on sand and rock-sand bottoms. Partially covered with sand or mud. Feeds on bottom-living fishes and crustaceans.</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4438&amp;speccode=8969'>Capapé, C. and M. Desoutter 1990 Dasyatidae. p. 59-63. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4438)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-8969</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1994-03-05 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2019-10-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8969</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>250 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4438)); max. published weight: 84.0 kg (Ref. 40637)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4438&amp;speccode=8969'>Capapé, C. and M. Desoutter 1990 Dasyatidae. p. 59-63. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4438)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40637&amp;speccode=8969'>IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Threats-2</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-8969</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1994-03-05 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2019-10-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8969</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>demersal; marine; depth range 10 - 300 m (Ref. 6808)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6808&amp;speccode=8969'>Brito, A. 1991 Catalogo de los pesces de las Islas Canarias. Francisco Lemus, la Laguna. 230 p. (Ref. 6808)</reference></dataObject>
</taxon>
</response>