FB-8978 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8978 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Ophidiiformes Ophidiidae Penopus Penopus microphthalmus (Vaillant, 1888) Dicromita microphthalma (Vaillant, 1888) Penopus macdonaldi Goode & Bean, 1896 Penopus microcephalus (Vaillant, 1888) Sirembo microphthalmus Vaillant, 1888 1994-03-05 2011-08-05 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Nielsen, J.G.0 Ophidiidae. p. 564-573. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3686) Nielsen, J.G. and D.M. Cohen0 Ophidiidae. p. 345-350. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4103) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins0 Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 34024) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Haedrich, R.L. and N.R. Merrett0 Summary atlas of deep-living demersal fishes in the North Atlantic Basin. J. Nat. Hist. 22:1325-1362. (Ref. 40643) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919) Moore, J.A., M. Vecchione, K.E. Hartel, B.B. Collette, J.K. Galbraith, R. Gibbons, M. Turnipseed, M. Southworth and E. Watkins0 Biodiversity of Bear seamount, New England seamount chain: results of exploratory trawling. Scientific Council Research Document. Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization. Dartmouth NS 01/155:8p. (Ref. 50906) Mincarone, M.M., J.G. Nielsen and P.A.S. Costa0 Deep-sea ophidiiform fishes collected on the Brazilian continental slope, between 11° and 23°S. Zootaxa 1770:41-64. (Ref. 75877) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Nielsen, J.G. and S. Ohashi0 A new species of <i>Penopus</i> (Teleostei: Ophidiidae) from the Ryukyu Trench, the West Pacific, with remarks on <i>Penopus microphthalmus</i>. Ichthyol. Res. 58(3):232-237. (Ref. 87601) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) FB-GeneralDescr-8978 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1994-03-05 00:00:00 2011-08-05 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8978 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Rare species (Ref. 34024). Oviparous, with oval pelagic eggs floating in a gelatinous mass (Ref. 205). Nielsen, J.G. and S. Ohashi 2011 A new species of <i>Penopus</i> (Teleostei: Ophidiidae) from the Ryukyu Trench, the West Pacific, with remarks on <i>Penopus microphthalmus</i>. Ichthyol. Res. 58(3):232-237. (Ref. 87601) FB-DiagnosticDescr-8978 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-12-12 00:00:00 2011-08-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8978 Penopus microphthalmus differs from P. japonicus by the following characters: has a higher number of dorsal, 135-158 (vs. 117) and anal, 106-122 (vs. 89) fin rays; lower number of preopercular spines, 4-7 (vs. 9); indistinct spine behind the posterior nostril (vs. distinct, 1% SL); by the bigger horizontal diameter of the eye 1.1-1.6% SL (vs. 0.8); and in having an almost fully scaled head (vs. squamation of the head restricted to the middle part of the preopercle) (Ref. 87601). Nielsen, J.G. and S. Ohashi 2011 A new species of <i>Penopus</i> (Teleostei: Ophidiidae) from the Ryukyu Trench, the West Pacific, with remarks on <i>Penopus microphthalmus</i>. Ichthyol. Res. 58(3):232-237. (Ref. 87601) FB-Morphology-8978 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-12-12 00:00:00 2011-08-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8978 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 135 - 158; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 106 - 122; Vertebrae: 77 - 83 Nielsen, J.G. and S. Ohashi 2011 A new species of <i>Penopus</i> (Teleostei: Ophidiidae) from the Ryukyu Trench, the West Pacific, with remarks on <i>Penopus microphthalmus</i>. Ichthyol. Res. 58(3):232-237. (Ref. 87601) FB-Distribution-8978 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1994-03-05 00:00:00 2011-08-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8978 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Western Atlantic: from 38°29'030''N, 70°57'W (holotype of P. macdonaldi) southwards through the Gulf of Mexico to 22°45.7'S, 40°19.6'W. East Atlantic: from 34°28'N, 7°43'W southwards through the Gulf of Guinea to 36°06'S, 19°33'E. Nielsen, J.G. and S. Ohashi 2011 A new species of <i>Penopus</i> (Teleostei: Ophidiidae) from the Ryukyu Trench, the West Pacific, with remarks on <i>Penopus microphthalmus</i>. Ichthyol. Res. 58(3):232-237. (Ref. 87601) FB-Uses-8978 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1994-03-05 00:00:00 2011-08-05 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8978 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: of no interest Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins 1999 Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 34024) FB-Size-8978 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1994-03-05 00:00:00 2011-08-05 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8978 35.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4103)) Nielsen, J.G. and D.M. Cohen 1986 Ophidiidae. p. 345-350. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4103) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-8978 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1994-03-05 00:00:00 2011-08-05 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8978 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution bathydemersal; marine; depth range 960 - 3535 m (Ref. 34024) Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins 1999 Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 34024)