FB-913 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=913 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Carcharhiniformes Sphyrnidae Sphyrna Sphyrna media Springer, 1940 Ulach Kooseh-e-sarchakoshi Glowomlot tropikalny Cação-cornudo Cação-martelo Cação-rudela Cambeva Cambeva preta Cornudo Peixe-martelo Rudela Tubarão martelo comum Tubarão-martelo Tubarão-martelo-recortado Tubarão-mona Skulprand-hamerkop Abul-garn Aqrun Jarjur Jarjur al graram Qersh abu burnetta Krusan Indo-pacifisk hammerhaj Bogenstirn-Hammerhai Bronze hammerhead shark gebuchteter Hammerhai Hammerhead Hammerhead shark Kidney-headed shark Scalloped hamerhead Scalloped hammer head Scalloped hammerhead Scalloped Hammerhead Scalloped hammerhead shark Southern hammerhead shark Indopatsi vasarhai Suur vasarhai qiō mataitalia Qio ulu tu'I Kampavasarahai Requin marteau Requin marteau à festons Requin marteau halicorne Requin-marteau halicorne Kannar કન્નર  Mano kihikihi Manô kihikihi Squalo martello smerlato Hiu caping Aka-shumokuzame Aka shumokuzame Hong-sal-gwi-sang-ǒ 홍살귀상어 Chadayan sravu ചടയന് സ്റാവ് Kan mushi Kanmushi Magal Magala कानमुशी मगळ Jerong tenggiri Kad suar Yu palang Yu parang Yu sambaran Yu sanggul Yu sanggul lintang Yu tanduk Yu tukul Yu bengkong Yu hamar Yu jerung Yu mata jauh Yu-tukul sanggul Akio viko Viko Viko palapalandoha Mata'italiga Manyaaso Papa mbingusi Papa pingusi Flerhornig hammarhaj Mago avata Ma'o taumata Ma'o taumata tamataroa Ma'o tuamata Ma'o hāmara Taumata Koma sorrah Koma-sorrah కొమ సొర్రా     Pating Chalarm Hua-kong Ksaa Çekiç balığı Cá Nhám búa Cá Nhám búa có rãnh Ndiagadar Cachona Cornuda Cornuda comun Cornúa Cornuda común Cornuda martillo Cornuda negra Gorrua Martillo Morfillo Pez martillo Tiburón Tiburón martillo Tiburón martillo festoneado Ama Bagea papala vohe Chapo Dīng zì shā Geschulpte hamerhaai Guān shā Hiu bingkoh Hiu capil Hiu martil Kalhigandu miyaru Kamat martelu Ktenozygena K'wet'thenéchte Lù shì shuàng jì shā Martell d'aleta negra Matafa Mātai Matake Matefaaib Mbinguzi damu Mbinguzi mro Nimóngopaap Pating Tribon 'i krus Tribon'i crus Tribon'i krus Tubarão martelo Valovitoglava kladvenica Xiàng gōng yú Yee rimbah Κτενοζύγαινα 双过仔 双髻鲨 牦头沙 紅肉丫髻鮫 红肉丫髻鲛 红肉双髻 路易氏雙髻鯊 路氏双髻鲨 路氏雙髻鯊 路氏雙髻鯊 雙髻鯊 Cestracion leeuwenii Day, 1865 Cestracion oceanica Garman, 1913 Sphyrna diplana Springer, 1941 Sphyrna leweni (Griffith & Smith, 1834) Sphyrna mokarran (non Rüppell, 1837) Sphyrna zygaena (non Linnaeus, 1758) Zygaena erythraea Klunzinger, 1871 Zygaena indica van Hasselt, 1823 Zygaena lewini Griffith & Smith, 1834 Zygaena malleus (non Shaw & Nodder, 1789) 1992-06-15 2013-01-23 Coppola, S.R., W. 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Dimarchopoulou0 Exploitation and conservation status of the thornback ray (<i>Raja clavata</i>) in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean). Fishes 8(2):117. (Ref. 132125) Guillaume, M.M.M. and B. Séret0 Observations of sharks (Elasmobranchii) at Europa Island, a remote marine protected area important for shark conservation in the southern Mozambique Channel. PLoS ONE 16(10):e0253867. (Ref. 132289) Mvomo Minko, Y.I., O. Sadio, J.-D. Mbega, G. Schaal and F. Le Loc'h0 Length-weight relationships of elasmobranchs caught by artisanal fisheries from Southern Gabon. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 2025(1):4821258. (Ref. 132927) FB-pic-912-2387 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-10 2024-09-28 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=912 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Splew_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Splew_u0.jpg FB-pic-912-4208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-05-29 1998-12-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=912 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Splew_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Splew_u1.gif FB-pic-912-10444 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif Robbie N. Cada 1993-07-01 2008-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=912 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Splew_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Splew_u0.gif FB-pic-912-20183 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-05-07 2000-10-21 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=912 41 cm PCL; side view Locality: Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Splew_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Splew_u2.jpg Locality: Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. FB-pic-912-20184 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-05-07 2000-10-21 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=912 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 41 cm PCL; top view of head Locality: Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Splew_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Splew_u3.jpg Locality: Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. FB-pic-912-20185 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-05-07 2000-10-21 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=912 (side view) Locality: Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Splew_u4.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Splew_u4.jpg Locality: Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. FB-pic-912-20186 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-05-07 2000-10-21 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=912 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle (head) Locality: Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Splew_u5.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Splew_u5.jpg Locality: Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. FB-GeneralDescr-912 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=912 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size A coastal-pelagic, semi-oceanic shark occurring over continental and insular shelves and adjacent deep water, often approaching close inshore and entering enclosed bays and estuaries (Ref. 244, 11230, 58302). Found in inshore and offshore waters to about 275 m depth (Ref. 26938, 11230, 58302); has been filmed at a baited camera in 512 m depth (Lis Maclaren, pers. comm. 2005). Huge schools of small migrating individuals move pole ward in the summer in certain areas (Ref. 244). Permanent resident populations also exist (Ref. 244). Juveniles occur in coastal areas (Ref. 58784). Adults solitary, in pairs, or schools; young in large schools (Ref. 13562). Feed mainly on teleost fishes and cephalopods (Ref. 6871), also lobsters, shrimps, crabs (Ref. 30573), including other sharks and rays (Ref. 37816). Viviparous (Ref. 50449). Mature females produce 15-31, of 43-55 cm young in a litter (Ref. 26938, 1602). Considered potentially dangerous to people but often not aggressive when approached by divers (Ref. 13562). Readily available to inshore artisanal and small commercial fisheries as well as to offshore operations (Ref. 13562). Sold fresh, dried-salted, smoked and frozen; also sought for its fins and hides (Ref. 9987). Oil used for vitamins and carcasses for fishmeal (Ref. 13562). Maximum depth from Ref. 125614. Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244) FB-DiagnosticDescr-912 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-09-05 00:00:00 2019-02-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=912 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats This hammerhead shark is distinguished by having the following characters: large, moderately slender body; broad, narrow bladed head, arched anterior margin with prominent median indentation and lateral indentation; nostrils with strong prenarial grooves; hind margins of eyes slightly posterior to or nearly opposite front of mouth; teeth triangular, deeply notched posteriorly, with smooth or finely serrated edges; first dorsal fin moderately high, second dorsal and pectoral fins low; upper precaudal pit transverse crescentric. Colour of body light grey or greyish brown above, shading to white below, pectoral fin tips dusky and a dark blotch on lower caudal fin lobe (Ref. 13562, 114967). Ebert, D.A., S. Fowler and M. Dando 2015 A pocket guide to sharks of the world. Princeton University Press, New Jersey, (Ref. 114967) FB-Morphology-912 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-09-05 00:00:00 2019-02-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=912 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 0; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 0 Ebert, D.A., S. Fowler and M. Dando 2015 A pocket guide to sharks of the world. Princeton University Press, New Jersey, (Ref. 114967) FB-Distribution-912 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=912 Circumglobal in coastal warm temperate and tropical seas (Ref. 13562). Western Atlantic: New Jersey, USA to Uruguay (Ref. 58839), including the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean. Eastern Atlantic: western Mediterranean (Ref. 6678) to Namibia (Ref. 6812). Indo-Pacific: Persian Gulf (Ref. 68964), Red Sea, East Africa and throughout the Indian Ocean; Japan to New Caledonia, Hawaii and Tahiti. Eastern Pacific: southern California, USA to Ecuador, probably Peru. Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244) FB-Uses-912 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=912 fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-Migration-912 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=912 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Maguire, J.-J., M. Sissenwine, J. Csirke, R. Grainger and S. Garcia 2006 The state of world highly migratory, straddling and other high seas fishery resources and associated species. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 495. Rome: FAO. 84p. (Ref. 87829) FB-LifeCycle-912 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=912&StockCode=928 Viviparous, placental (Ref. 50449), with 13-23 in a litter (Ref. 6871); 12-41 pups after a gestation period of 9-10 months (Ref.58048). Size at birth 45-50 cm TL (Ref. 13562); 39-57 cm TL (Ref.58048). Castro, J.I. 1993 The shark nursery of Bulls Bay, South Carolina, with a review of the shark nurseries of the southeastern coast of the United States. Environ. Biol. Fishes 38(1-3):37-48. FB-TrophicStrategy-912 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-06-26 00:00:00 2023-08-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public lewini http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution It occurs in all tropical and warm-temperate seas. They sometimes congregate over sea mounts or around offshore islands (Ref. 54301). A coastal-pelagic, semi-oceanic shark occurring over continental and insular shelves and adjacent deep water, often approaching close inshore and entering enclosed bays and estuaries (Ref. 244, 11230, 58302). Found in inshore and offshore waters to about 275 m depth (Ref. 26938, 11230, 58302); has been filmed at a baited camera in 512 m depth (Lis Maclaren, pers. Comm. 2005). Huge schools of small migrating individuals move pole ward in the summer in certain areas (Ref. 244). Permanent resident populations also exist (Ref. 244). Feeds mainly on teleost fishes, cephalopods and zooplankton (Ref. 568, 6871); also lobsters, shrimps, crabs (Ref. 30573), including other sharks and rays (Ref. 37816). Pelagic. Feeds on surface-dwelling fishes. Juveniles tend to form schools and forage near the bottom. Inhabits inshore waters then migrates to deeper waters with age (Ref. 9773). Wetherbee, B.M., S.H. Gruber and E. Cortes 1990 Diet, feeding habits, digestion, and consumption in sharks, with special reference to the lemon shark, <i>Negaprion brevirostris</i>. p. 29-47. In H.L. Pratt, Jr., S.H. Gruber and T. Taniuchi (eds.) Elasmobranchs as living resources: advances in the biology, ecology, systematics, and the status of the fisheries. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 90. 517 p. (Ref. 568) FB-Size-912 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=912 430 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 26938)); max. published weight: 152.4 kg (Ref. 40637); max. reported age: 35 years (Ref. 31395) Smith, C.L. 1997 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938) IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) Smith, S.W., D.W. Au and C. Show 1998 Intrinsic rebound potential of 26 species of Pacific sharks. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 49:663-678. (Ref. 31395) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-912-908 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-05-28 00:00:00 2003-05-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=912&StockCode=928 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Loimosina Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Hargis, W.J. 1955 Monogenetic trematodes of Gulf of Mexico fishes. Part V. The superfamily Capsaloidea. Trans. Am. Micro. Soc. 74(3):203-225. (Ref. 46261) FB-Habitat-912 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=912 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats pelagic-oceanic; oceanodromous (Ref. 87829); brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 1043 m (Ref. 89972), usually 0 - 25 m (Ref. 26999) Maguire, J.-J., M. Sissenwine, J. Csirke, R. Grainger and S. Garcia 2006 The state of world highly migratory, straddling and other high seas fishery resources and associated species. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 495. Rome: FAO. 84p. (Ref. 87829) Bacchet, P., T. Zysman and Y. Lefèvre 2006 Guide des poissons de Tahiti et ses îles. Tahiti (Polynésie Francaise): Éditions Au Vent des Îles. 608 p. (Ref. 89972) Sanches, J.G. 1991 Catálogo dos principais peixes marinhos da República de Guiné-Bissau. Publ. Avuls. Inst. Nac. Invest. Pescas 16:429 p. (Ref. 26999)