FB-9256 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9256 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Rajiformes Rajidae Amblyraja Amblyraja hyperborea (Collett, 1879) Isskate Raja polarna شِفنين بحري قُطبية Arktisk rokke Arktischer Rochen Arctic skate Artic skate Bigmouth skate Blackbelly skate Boreal skate Broad skate Darkbelly skate Northern skate Arktiline sünkrai Lai sünkrai Suursuu-sünkrai Ishavsskøta Íshavsskøta Lógvaskøta Raie arctique Raie boréale Raie large Skjótta skata Severniy skat северный скат Isrocka Raya ancha Raya ártica Arctische rog Arktična raža Brede rog Grootbekrog Issittup tarraleqisaava K'ak'ew' 三棘鰩 三棘鳐 极北鳐 極北鰩 羅氏鰩 罗氏鳐 Amblyraja badia (Garman, 1899) Amblyraja robertsi (Hulley, 1970) Raja badia Garman, 1899 Raja borea Garman, 1899 Raja hyperborea Collett, 1879 Raja robertsi Hulley, 1970 1994-04-04 2022-07-05 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Garman, S.0 The fishes. 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Primicerio, A. Dolgov, C.A.M. Ottesen and M. Aschan0 Life history variation in Barents sea fishing: implications for sensitivity to fishing in a changing environmnt. Ecol. Evol. 4(18):3596-3611. (Ref. 124126) Chambers, C.A. and T.A. Dick0 Using Environmental Variables to Predict the Structure of Deep-sea Arctic Fish Communities: Implications for Food Web Construction. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 39:1, 2-8 (Ref. 124449) Chernova, N.V. and A.V. Neyelov0 Fish caught in Laptev Sea during the cruise of RV "Polarstern" in 1993. Berichte zu Polarfurschung. 176. 95. p. 222-227. (Ref. 124545) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed July, 2021] (Ref. 124692) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-1. <https://www.iucnredlist.org/>. Downloaded 08 July 2021. (Ref. 124695) Majewski, A.R., S. Atchison, S. MacPhee, J. Eert, A. Niemi, C. Michel and J.D. Reist0 Marine fish community structure and habitat associations on the Canadian Beaufort shelf and slope. Deep-Sea Research Part I 121:169-182. (Ref. 125580) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) Bradley, J.C.0 Understanding patterns of residency and space use of Arctic skates (<i>Amblyraja hyperborea</i>) in Scott inlet, Canada to inform indigenous fisheries. University of Delaware: Master of Science in Marine Studies, 82 p. (Ref. 129889) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) Ferragut-Perello, F., S. Ramirez-Amaro, A.C. Tsikliras, N. Petit-Marty, D. Dimarchopoulou0 Exploitation and conservation status of the thornback ray (<i>Raja clavata</i>) in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean). Fishes 8(2):117. (Ref. 132125) FB-pic-9256-4512 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-06-03 2021-11-08 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9256 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ambad_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Ambad_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-9256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1994-04-04 00:00:00 2022-07-05 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9256 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Found on the lower continental slope (Ref. 6871), probably most common on deep slopes and at abyssal depths (Ref. 114953). Benthic (Ref. 58426); meso- to bathybenthic, on muddy substrate (Ref. 119696). Adults feed on all kinds of bottom animals (Ref. 3167). Prefer polar temperatures from hatching to maturity and eggs are incubated successfully and regularly in water as cold as 0°C (Ref. 6902). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsule measures 81-125 mm long and 50-80 mm wide (Ref. 41251). Hatching size at 16-18 cm TL (Ref. 114953) (15 cm long in Ref. 119696). McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn 1998 Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314) FB-DiagnosticDescr-9256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1998-05-21 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9256 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Grey-brown with large dark blotches (Ref. 26346). Tail very short (Ref. 26346). Mid-dorsal row of stout thorns which extend from nuchal region to first dorsal fin. Thorns close posterior to the pelvic girdle larger than along the tail (Ref. 6902). Upper surface dark mouse gray, dark blue gray or dark brown with small rounded spots. Lower surface white and sooty in variable patterns (Ref. 6902). Cox, G. and M. Francis 1997 Sharks and rays of New Zealand. Canterbury Univ. Press, Univ. of Canterbury. 68 p. (Ref. 26346) FB-Distribution-9256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1994-04-04 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9256 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Arctic, Indian, Pacific and Atlantic oceans: in cold and deep waters. Weigmann, S. 2016 Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. J. Fish Biol. 88(1):1-201. (Ref. 106604) FB-Uses-9256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1994-04-04 00:00:00 2022-07-05 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9256 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: of no interest Andriyashev, A.P. 1964 Fishes of the northern seas of the U.S.S.R. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem. 617 p. (Translated from Russian). (Ref. 9707) FB-LifeCycle-9256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1994-04-04 00:00:00 2022-07-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=9256&StockCode=9578 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-9256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-12-14 00:00:00 2023-02-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public hyperborea http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Dwells over silty subtrates at depths from 167-1600m. Found in water temperatures between -0.08°C to 3.5°C. Common along upper continental slopes 800-1500 m in the east Norwegian Sea. Benthic feeder, feeding at trophic levels of 3.98 (Ref. 117245). Found on the continental slope (Ref. 75154), reaching bathyal and abyssal depths in the Arctic region (Ref. 119696). Feeds on all kinds of bottom animals. McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn 1998 Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314) FB-Size-9256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1994-04-04 00:00:00 2022-07-05 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9256 112 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 114953)); 100 cm TL (female) Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor 2016 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-9256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1994-04-04 00:00:00 2022-07-05 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9256 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology bathydemersal; marine; depth range 92 - 2925 m (Ref. 119696), usually 300 - 2300 m (Ref. 9261) Mecklenburg, C.W., A. Lynghammar, E. Johannesen, I. Byrkjedal, J.S. Christiansen, A.V. Dolgov, O.V. Karamushko, T.A. Mecklenburg, P.R. Møller, D. Steinke and P.R. Wienerroither 2018 Marine fishes of the Arctic Region.Volume I. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, Akureyri, Iceland. [CAFF Monitoring Series Report 28:1-454.] (Ref. 119696) McEachran, J.D. 1995 Rajidae. Rayas. p. 773-777. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9261)