FB-9424 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9424 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Siluriformes Amphiliidae Congoglanis Congoglanis alula (Nichols & Griscom, 1917) Dandala Katonde Doumea alula Nichols & Griscom, 1917 1994-04-16 2024-04-16 Skelton, P.H. and G.G. Teugels0 Amphiliidae. p. 54-65. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3818) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Poll, M.0 Contribution à la faune ichthyologique de l'Angola. Diamang Publ. Cult., nr. 75:381 p. (Ref. 11970) Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818) Balon, E.K. and D.J. Stewart0 Fish assemblages in a river with unusual gradient (Luongo, Africa - Zaire system), reflections on river zonation, and description of another new species. Environ. Biol. Fishes 9(3-4):225-252. (Ref. 27609) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) David, L. and M. Poll0 Contribution à la faune ichthyologique du Congo Belge: collections du Dr. H. Schouteden (1924-1926) et d'autres récolteurs. Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Zool. (1), 3(5):189-294. (Ref. 41590) Nichols, J.T. and L. Griscom0 Fresh-water fishes of the Congo basin obtained by the American Museum Congo Expedition, 1909-1915. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 37(25):653-756. (Ref. 41594) Boulenger, G.A.0 Poissons recueillis au Congo belge par l'expédition du Dr. C. Christy. Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Zool. (1), 2(4):1-39. (Ref. 42480) Roberts, T.R. and D.J. Stewart0 An ecological and systematic survey of fishes in the rapids of the Lower Zaïre or Congo River. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 147(6):239-317. (Ref. 42510) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Seegers, L.0 The catfishes of Africa: A handbook for identification and maintenance. Aqualog Verlag A.C.S. GmbH, Germany. 604 p. (Ref. 78218) Pellegrin, J.0 Poisson du Kasaï (Congo belge). Description d'un genre nouveau et de quatre espèces nouvelles. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 53:103-113. (Ref. 80305) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Wamuini Lunkayilakio, S., E. Vreven, P. Vandewalle, S. Mutambue and J. Snoeks0 Contribution à la connaissance de l’ichtyofaune de l’Inkisi au Bas-Congo (RD du Congo). Cybium 34(1):83-91. (Ref. 88779) Ferraris, C.J. Jr., R.P. Vari and P.H. Skelton0 A new genus of African loach catfish (Siluriformes: Amphiliidae) from the Congo River basin, the sister-group to all other genera of the Doumeinae, with the description of two new species. Copeia 2011(4):477-489. (Ref. 88958) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) Vari, R.P., C.J. Ferraris Jr. and P.H. Skelton0 New species of <i>Congoglanis</i> (Siluriformes: Amphiliidae) from the southern Congo River basin. Copeia 2012(4):626-630. (Ref. 92838) Kullander, S.O. and T.R. Roberts0 Out of Lake Tanganyika: endemic lake fishes inhabit rapids of the Lukuga River. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 22(4):355-376. (Ref. 93587) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Moelants, T.0 Diversity and ecology of the ichthyofauna of the Middle and Upper Congo basin: a case-study in the region of the Wagenia falls (Democratic Republic of the Congo). KULeuven, Faculty of Science, Leuven (Belgium), 320p. (Ref. 106245) Decru, E.0 The ichthyofauna in the Central Congo basin: diversity and distribution in the north-eastern tributaries. KULeuven, Faculty of Science, Leuven (Belgium), 303p. (Ref. 106290) Skelton, P.H.0 Chapter 11. The freshwater fishes of Angola. p. 207-242. In B.J. Huntley, V. Russo, F. Lages and N. Ferrand (eds.) Biodiversity of Angola. Science & conservation: a modern synthesis. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham, Switzerland. 549 p. (Ref. 120641) FB-GeneralDescr-9424 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-04-16 00:00:00 2024-04-16 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9424 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration Typically found in fastest flowing portions of rivers and always associated with large rocks; appears to congregate underneath rocks near where water breaks over the rocks during the day, and will move out onto the tops of rocks at night (Ref. 88958). Ferraris, C.J. Jr., R.P. Vari and P.H. Skelton 2011 A new genus of African loach catfish (Siluriformes: Amphiliidae) from the Congo River basin, the sister-group to all other genera of the Doumeinae, with the description of two new species. Copeia 2011(4):477-489. (Ref. 88958) FB-DiagnosticDescr-9424 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Frédéric Busson 2012-01-06 00:00:00 2017-07-04 21:59:32 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9424 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Diagnosis: Congoglanis alula differs from C. inga in having a shorter maxillary barbel not reaching to vertical through anterior margin of orbit, vs. extending well past anterior margin of orbit, respectively; a longer pelvic fin, 24–28% of standard length, vs. 19–21%; a shorter postorbital length, 27–31% of head length, vs. 32–35%; a relatively narrow interorbital width, 1.5 times eye diameter, vs. 2 times; and shorter anal-fin rays, posterior rays of adpressed anal fin extend to, rarely slightly beyond, vertical through posterior limit of adipose fin, vs. posterior rays extend well past vertical through posterior limit of adipose fin (Ref. 88958). Congoglanis alula differs from C. sagitta in having a longer pectoral fin, 28–29% of standard length, vs. 23–27%; a longer pelvic fin, 24–28% of standard length, vs. 19–21%; a shorter caudal peduncle, 18–22% of standard length, vs. 21–24%; and deeper caudal peduncle, caudal-peduncle depth 2.6–3.3 times in caudal-peduncle length, vs. 3.1–4.0 times; a relatively narrow interorbital width, 1.5 times eye diameter, vs. 2 times; a more posteriorly placed anal fin, anal-fin origin approximately at tip of adpressed pelvic fin, vs. origin well in advance of tip of adpressed pelvic fin; and fewer vertebrae, 36–39, vs. 39–41 (Ref. 88958).Description: Body elongate, nearly cylindrical from head to anal-fin origin, with abdominal region slightly flattened, progressively tapering further posteriorly; greatest body depth and width located at dorsal-fin origin, except in specimens with distended abdomens; body smooth skinned and firm; dorsal and ventral profiles of body from head to vertical through anal fin nearly horizontal but converge from vertical through anal-fin origin to posterior end of caudal peduncle; lateral line complete, running along midlateral surface of body; short, more-or-less uniformly spaced dorsal and ventral branches extend off main portion of lateral line; body without dorsolateral or ventrolateral vertebral processes extending to skin surface from region of adipose-fin base posteriorly to caudal-fin base; caudal peduncle moderately elongate, thick, and compressed, but nearly as wide as high at terminus of anal-fin base; least depth of caudal peduncle located approximately at posterior of peduncle (Ref. 88958). Head profile acutely triangular from dorsal view with lateral margin slightly convex; snout tip rounded; head pointed and depressed from lateral view; snout moderately long, relatively slender and tapering anteriorly; eye slightly horizontally elongated and situated entirely within posterior one-half of head; without free orbital margin; diameter of eye approximately two-thirds of interorbital distance; distance from posterior naris to anterior margin of eye only slightly greater than distance between anterior naris and tip of snout; posterior naris closer to anterior naris than to eye; distance between nares of each side slightly less than one-half distance of each to contralateral naris; dorsal and lateral surface of head and body with scattered, tiny, white flattened tubercles (Ref. 88958). Mouth subterminal, small, ovoid when open, with fleshy tuberculate upper lip and smooth firm lower lip, flanked to each side by tuberculate section; upper jaw with teeth in broad crescentic patch continuous across midline; lower jaw with teeth in oval patch on each side of symphysis, with narrow median gap; teeth in both jaws long, slender and slightly curved; numbers of teeth in upper and lower jaws about equal; barbels tuberculate and distally tapered; maxillary barbel falling short of vertical through anterior margin of eye; inner mandibular barbel shortest, with base situated slightly lateral of midline and approximately in line with lateral margin of smooth portion of lower lip; outer mandibular barbel arises from angle of mouth and extends posteriorly approximately to vertical through tip of maxillary barbel; branchiostegal membrane continuous across ventral midline, with central portion of posterior margin straight or slightly concave; gill slit extends posterodorsally to horizontal through eye; supraoccipital process elongate and slightly wider near posterior tip; process separated by narrow gap from small triangular nuchal shield (Ref. 88958). Dorsal fin falcate, first branched ray longest; tip of adpressed dorsal fin extends past vertical through base of pelvic fin; first dorsal-fin ray segmented, not forming spine; adipose-fin origin located at vertical through anal-fin origin; fin small with length of base approximately one-half distance between posterior terminus of dorsal-fin base and adipose-fin origin; adipose fin adnate, ovoid, with posterior limit of fin base posterior of vertical through anal-fin base, but not posterior of vertical through tip of adpressed anal fin; pectoral fin large and falcate, with first ray curved, pectinate, broad and with fleshy pad covering ventral surface; distal margin of fin slightly concave, with first ray longest; innermost pectoral-fin rays short, posterodorsally oriented and adpressed to body wall; tip of adpressed pectoral fin falling short of pelvic-fin origin but reaching to vertical through posterior terminus of dorsal-fin base; pelvic fin large, only slightly smaller than pectoral fin; distal margin slightly concave, with first ray longest; first pelvic-fin ray curved and pectinate, with ventral surface covered by fleshy pad; pelvic-fin origin located distinctly posterior of vertical through posterior end of dorsal-fin base; tip of adpressed pelvic fin extends to middle of anal-fin base; anal fin small, with distal margin straight; tip of adpressed anal fin extends past vertical through posterior limit of adipose fin; anal-fin base approximately two-thirds length of adipose-fin base; caudal fin deeply forked, asymmetrical, with ventral lobe variably longer and broader than dorsal lobe; fin lobes long and acutely pointed; middle rays of caudal fin slightly less than one-half length of longest rays of dorsal lobe; dorsal-fin rays i,6,i or i,7; pectoral-fin rays i,11-12 or i,11,i; pelvic-fin rays i,5; anal-fin rays iii-iv,5-6,i of iii-iv,6-7; principal caudal-fin rays i,7,8,i; vertebrae 36-39; ribs 11-13 (Ref. 88958).Colouration: Body colouration generally dark, with variably distinct lighter regions on overall dark brown body; in lightly pigmented specimens, body darker dorsally with brown colouration extending ventral of lateral line on abdomen and caudal peduncle; boundary between dark brown pigmentation of dorsal and dorsolateral regions and lighter colouration of ventrolateral and ventral regions relatively straight and horizontal from pectoral-fin base to caudal peduncle; darker individuals with boundary obscured and appearing to extend further ventrally before gradually becoming somewhat lighter (Ref. 88958). Lightly pigmented specimens with six pale patches distributed in irregular horizontal line along dorsolateral part of body; anteriormost patch ovoid, horizontally elongated, extending just dorsal of lateral line anterior of dorsal-fin origin; second patch rounded or slightly horizontally elongated, located just past posterior extent of dorsal-fin base; third patch horizontally elongated and slender; patch extending above lateral line from vertical through pelvic-fin origin to vertical through midlength of adpressed pelvic fin; ventral margin of fourth patch variably somewhat more dorsally positioned than dorsal margin of third patch; contralateral fourth patches in contact along dorsal midline and form saddle immediately anterior of adipose-fin base; fifth patch horizontally elongated and located entirely above lateral line; patch extends from vertical through middle of adipose fin to vertical through posterior extent of that fin; sixth patch horizontally elongated and of variable length on posterior half of caudal peduncle and terminates posteriorly at anterior limit of dark spot at caudal-fin base; dark spot at caudal-fin base semicircular; straight anteriorly and broadly convex posteriorly; spot extending nearly to dorsal and ventral margins of caudal peduncle; ventrolateral portion of abdomen and ventral part of caudal peduncle with scattered dark chromatophores; chromatophores absent on ventral portion of abdomen as far posterior as pelvic fin, even in darkly pigmented specimens; all branches of lateral-fin canal unpigmented (Ref. 88958). Dorsal and lateral portions of head dark brown other than variably shaped pale spot immediately posterior of eye; spot smaller than eye; ventral part of head unpigmented with distinct horizontal line between brown and pale portions ventrolaterally; maxillary barbel with dusky base dorsally, otherwise unpigmented; mandibular barbels unpigmented (Ref. 88958). Dorsal surfaces of pectoral and pelvic fins brown except for pale transverse patch extending across inner rays and pale distalmargin; ventral surface of pectoral and pelvic fins unpigmented except for small patch of dark chromatophores along basal portion of innermost rays; dark pigmentation on dorsal surface of distal portions of rays appears as dusky region extending along sub-marginal portion of ventral surface of both fins; dorsal fin with dense concentrations of dark chromatophores along rays; interradial membranes without chromatophores; adipose fin darkly pigmented, except for narrow pale distal margin on posterior one-half of fin; anal fin with dense concentrations of dark chromatophores along rays; interradial membranes without chromatophores; caudal fin with dense concentrations of dark chromatophores along rays; interradial membranes without chromatophores (Ref. 88958). In life the head is yellowish brown; the dark brownish dorsal regions are marked with 5-6 light spots, which are more or less confluent along the midline; the ventral region is bright orange; the lateral line is punctuated; the lower lobe of the caudal fin is darker; the fins have grayish margins and black bands; the external rays of the tail are gray-black; preserved specimens are dark brown, the ventral region is pale yellow (Ref. 88958). Ferraris, C.J. Jr., R.P. Vari and P.H. Skelton 2011 A new genus of African loach catfish (Siluriformes: Amphiliidae) from the Congo River basin, the sister-group to all other genera of the Doumeinae, with the description of two new species. Copeia 2011(4):477-489. (Ref. 88958) FB-Morphology-9424 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Frédéric Busson 2012-01-06 00:00:00 2017-07-04 21:59:32 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9424 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 9 - 11 Ferraris, C.J. Jr., R.P. Vari and P.H. Skelton 2011 A new genus of African loach catfish (Siluriformes: Amphiliidae) from the Congo River basin, the sister-group to all other genera of the Doumeinae, with the description of two new species. Copeia 2011(4):477-489. (Ref. 88958) FB-Distribution-9424 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-04-16 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9424 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Africa: present throughout the Congo River basin (Ref. 78218). In the Lukuga (Tanganyika outflow) up to the Kisimba-Kilia rapids (Ref. 93587). Reports of this species from Inga and the Luongo River (Zambian Congo) refer to Congoglanis inga and C. sagitta, respectively (Ref. 88958). Reports from the Luachimo River (Ref. 11970) are C. howesi (Ref. 92838). Skelton, P.H. and G.G. Teugels 1986 Amphiliidae. p. 54-65. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3818) FB-TrophicStrategy-9424 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Frédéric Busson 2012-01-07 00:01:03 2017-07-04 22:03:49 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public alula http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Typically found in fastest flowing portions of rivers and always associated with large rocks; appears to congregate underneath rocks near where water breaks over the rocks during the day, and will move out onto the tops of rocks at night (Ref. 88958). Ferraris, C.J. Jr., R.P. Vari and P.H. Skelton 2011 A new genus of African loach catfish (Siluriformes: Amphiliidae) from the Congo River basin, the sister-group to all other genera of the Doumeinae, with the description of two new species. Copeia 2011(4):477-489. (Ref. 88958) FB-Size-9424 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-04-16 00:00:00 2024-04-16 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9424 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription 14.1 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 88958)) Ferraris, C.J. Jr., R.P. Vari and P.H. Skelton 2011 A new genus of African loach catfish (Siluriformes: Amphiliidae) from the Congo River basin, the sister-group to all other genera of the Doumeinae, with the description of two new species. Copeia 2011(4):477-489. (Ref. 88958) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-9424 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-04-16 00:00:00 2024-04-16 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9424 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution demersal; freshwater