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	<dc:identifier>FB-949</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=949</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Siluriformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Ariidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Notarius</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Notarius grandicassis (Valenciennes, 1840)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Bagre</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Bagre catinga</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Couma sea catfish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Marine catfish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Pemecou sea catfish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Mâchoiron couma</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Duri</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Pulutan</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Utek</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Bagre cuma</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Cassessodière</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Couman-couman</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Kasé-chopdjé</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Kouma kouma</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Kouma-kouman</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Kouman kouman</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Kuma-kuma</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Kuouonoïma</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Machoiran rivière</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Païm</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Paymiou</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>新海鯰</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>新海鲶</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>玉鱨</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>玉鲿</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Arius couma (Valenciennes, 1840)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Bagrus couma Valenciennes, 1840</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Hexanematichthys couma (Valenciennes, 1840)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Sciadeichthys walcrechtii Boeseman, 1954</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Sciadeichthys walrechti Boeseman, 1954</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Sciadeichthys walrechtii Boeseman, 1954</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Selenaspis couma (Valenciennes, 1840)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Selenaspis herzbergii (non Bloch, 1794)</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-17</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-07-05</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=948'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3265&amp;speccode=948'>Taylor, W.R. and N.A. Menezes0 Ariidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). volume 1. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3265)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4517&amp;speccode=948'>Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4789&amp;speccode=948'>Department of Fisheries0 Annual fishery statistics. Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia. (Ref. 4789)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5217&amp;speccode=948'>Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez0 Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6077&amp;speccode=948'>Cervigón, F. and W. Fischer0 INFOPESCA. Catálogo de especies marinas de interes economico actual o potencial para América Latina. Parte 1. Atlántico centro y suroccidental. FAO/UNDP, SIC/79/1. 372 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 6077)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12965&amp;speccode=948'>Eschmeyer, W.N.0 PISCES. Eschmeyer's PISCES database as published on the Internet in June 1997, URL: gopher://gopher.calacademy.org:640/7. (Ref. 12965)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27188&amp;speccode=948'>Boujard, T., M. Pascal, F.J. Meunier and P.-Y. Le Bail0 Poissons de Guyane. Guide écologique de l'Approuague et de la réserve des Nouragues. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, 219 p. (Ref. 27188)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27233&amp;speccode=948'>Boujard, T.0 Space-time organization of riverine fish communities in French Guiana. Environ. Biol. Fishes 34(3):235-246. (Ref. 27233)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=28190&amp;speccode=948'>Trajano, E.0 Population ecology of &lt;i&gt;Trichomycterus itacarambiensis&lt;/i&gt;, a cave catfish from eastern Brazil (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae). Environ. Biol. Fishes 50(4):357-369. (Ref. 28190)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=948'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33407&amp;speccode=948'>Ramjohn, D.D.0 Checklist of coastal and marine fishes of Trinidad and Tobago. Marine Fishery Analysis Unit, Fisheries Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Marine Resources, Trinidad and Tobago. Fisheries Information Series 8, 151 p. (Ref. 33407)</reference>
	<reference isbn='2-86515-117-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35381&amp;speccode=948'>Le Bail, P.-Y., P. Keith and P. Planquette0 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de Guyane. Tome 2, Fascicule II: Siluriformes. Collection Patrimoines Naturels 43(II): 307p. Paris: Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. (Ref. 35381)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=948'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='85-7430-361-5' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=39852&amp;speccode=948'>Marceniuk, A.P. and C.J. Ferraris Jr.0 Ariidae (Sea catfishes). p. 447-455. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 39852)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=39923&amp;speccode=948'>Lecomte, F., F.J. Meunier and R. Rojas-Beltran0 Données préliminaires sur la croissance de deux téléostéens de Guyane, &lt;i&gt;Arius proops&lt;/i&gt; (Ariidae, Siluriformes) et &lt;i&gt;Leporinus friderici&lt;/i&gt; (Anostomidae, Characoidei). Cybium 10(2):121-134. (Ref. 39923)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=42238&amp;speccode=948'>Rojas-Beltran, R.0 Quelques aspects de l'Écologie alimentaire de trois mâchoirans (Teleostei, Siluriformes, Ariidae) de la Guyane. Cybium 13(2):181-187. (Ref. 42238)</reference>
	<reference isbn='92-5-104826-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50661&amp;speccode=948'>Acero, A.P.0 Ariidae. Sea catfishes. p. 831-852. In K.E. Carpenter (ed.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 2: Bony fishes part 1 (Acipenseridae to Grammatidae). (Ref. 50661)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51629&amp;speccode=948'>Meunier, F.J., R. Rojas-Beltran, T. Boujard and F. Lecomte0 Seasonal growth rhythms in some teleosts of French Guiana. Rev. Hydrobiol. Trop. 27(4):423-440. (Ref. 51629)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51994&amp;speccode=948'>Lecomte, F., F.J. Meunier and R. Rojas-Beltran0 Some data on the growth of &lt;i&gt;Arius proops&lt;/i&gt; (Ariidae, Siluriformes) in the estuaries of French Guyana. Aquat. Living Resour. 2:63-68. (Ref. 51994)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=54734&amp;speccode=948'>Pinheiro, L.A. and F.L. Frédou0 Caracterização geral de pesca industrial desembarcada no estado do pará. Rev. Científica de UFPA Vol. 4. (Ref. 54734)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58022&amp;speccode=948'>Marceniuk, A.P. and N.A. Menezes0 Systematics of the family Ariidae (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes), with a redefinition of the genera. Zootaxa 1416:1-126. (Ref. 58022)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58032&amp;speccode=948'>Ferraris, C.J. Jr.0 Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types. Zootaxa 1418:1-628. (Ref. 58032)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=948'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=81927&amp;speccode=948'>Espírito Santo, R.V. do, V.J. Isaac, L M.A. da Silva, J.M. Martinelli and H.: Saint-Paul, U. Higuchi0 Peixes e camarões do litoral Bragantino. Madam. 268p. (Ref. 81927)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118628&amp;speccode=948'>Palomares, M.L.D., R. Froese, B. Derrick, S.-L. Nöel, G. Tsui, J. Woroniak and D. Pauly0 A preliminary global assessment of the status of exploited marine fish and invertebrate populations. A report prepared by the Sea Around Us for OCEANA. The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, p. 64. (Ref. 118628)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=121466&amp;speccode=948'>Machacek, H. (ed.)0 World Records Freshwater Fishing: News, April 2019 Edition. http://www.fishing-worldrecords.com/ (Ref. 121466)</reference><dataObject>
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	<dcterms:created>1990-10-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:description>Confined chiefly to turbid waters in estuaries and the lower parts of rivers.  Its delicate flesh is highly valued (Ref. 27188).  Two annual cycles of slower growth are know during the two dry seasons (March and August to November).  Probably has a short life span.  In the beginning of reproduction, the male's mouth changes to function as a egg repository (buccal incubation).  The female lays down her eggs in a sandy depression, then after fertilization, the male puts the eggs into its mouth which is provided with ventilation until hatching.  Eggs diameter is about 2 mm and its number varies from 100 to 165 per female.  Feeds mainly on crustaceans (Ref. 35381).  Marketed fresh and salted.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5217&amp;speccode=948'>Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez 1992 Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>The head is rounded and flattened on the upper part.  The mouth is slightly inferior.  It has 3 pairs of barbels (1 pair of maxillary barbels and 2 pairs of mandibular barbels.  The cephalic surface is very rough (Ref. 35381).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='2-86515-117-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35381&amp;speccode=948'>Le Bail, P.-Y., P. Keith and P. Planquette 2000 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de Guyane. Tome 2, Fascicule II: Siluriformes. Collection Patrimoines Naturels 43(II): 307p. Paris: Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. (Ref. 35381)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 1</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='2-86515-117-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35381&amp;speccode=948'>Le Bail, P.-Y., P. Keith and P. Planquette 2000 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de Guyane. Tome 2, Fascicule II: Siluriformes. Collection Patrimoines Naturels 43(II): 307p. Paris: Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. (Ref. 35381)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>South America:  Gulf of Paria to Pernambuco, Brazil.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5217&amp;speccode=948'>Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez 1992 Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3265&amp;speccode=948'>Taylor, W.R. and N.A. Menezes 1978 Ariidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). volume 1. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3265)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Distinct pairing. Mouth brooding may be employed (Ref. 205).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=948'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>97.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 5217)); max. published weight: 30.0 kg (Ref. 5217); max. reported age: 5 years (Ref. 51994)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5217&amp;speccode=948'>Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez 1992 Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5217&amp;speccode=948'>Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez 1992 Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51994&amp;speccode=948'>Lecomte, F., F.J. Meunier and R. Rojas-Beltran 1989 Some data on the growth of &lt;i&gt;Arius proops&lt;/i&gt; (Ariidae, Siluriformes) in the estuaries of French Guyana. Aquat. Living Resour. 2:63-68. (Ref. 51994)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=948</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>demersal; freshwater; brackish</dc:description>
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