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<taxon>
	<dc:identifier>FB-953</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=953</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Siluriformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Ariidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Sciades</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Sciades passany (Valenciennes, 1840)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Ariaçu</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Ariassu</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Bagre-amarelo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Bagre-ariaçu</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Bagre ariassu</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Bagre do mar</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Bagre-caiacoco</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Cangatá</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Cangatã</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Guarijuba</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Gurijuba</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Gillbacker sea catfish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Marine catfish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Mâchoiron jaune</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Duri</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Pulutan</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Utek</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Bagre amarillo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Gata fisi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Geelbagger</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Jerebaka</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Kalalawaimon</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Koema koema</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Letikaïma</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Machoran jonn</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Ouvoumwi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>帕氏海鯰</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>帕氏海鲶</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='ambiguous synonym'>Arius bonneti Puyo, 1936</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Arius clavispinosus Puyo, 1936</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Arius despaxi Puyo, 1936</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Arius parkeri (Traill, 1832)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Arius physacanthus Vaillant, 1899</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Aspistor parkeri (Traill, 1832)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Bagrus emphysetus Müller &amp; Troschel, 1849</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Bagrus flavescens Valenciennes, 1840</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Hexanematichthys parkeri (Traill, 1832)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Sciadeichthys emphysetus (Müller &amp; Troschel, 1849)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Sciadeichthys flavescens (Valenciennes, 1840)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Sciades emphysetus (Müller &amp; Troschel, 1849)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Silurus parkeri Traill, 1832</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Tachisurus flavescens (Valenciennes, 1840)</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-17</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2013-11-29</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=952'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3265&amp;speccode=952'>Taylor, W.R. and N.A. Menezes0 Ariidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). volume 1. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3265)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=54734&amp;speccode=952'>Pinheiro, L.A. and F.L. Frédou0 Caracterização geral de pesca industrial desembarcada no estado do pará. Rev. Científica de UFPA Vol. 4. (Ref. 54734)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58022&amp;speccode=952'>Marceniuk, A.P. and N.A. Menezes0 Systematics of the family Ariidae (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes), with a redefinition of the genera. Zootaxa 1416:1-126. (Ref. 58022)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58032&amp;speccode=952'>Ferraris, C.J. Jr.0 Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types. Zootaxa 1418:1-628. (Ref. 58032)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=952'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=75549&amp;speccode=952'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=86580&amp;speccode=952'>Betancur-R, R., A. Acero P, E. Bermingham and R. Cooke0 Systematics and biogeography of New World sea catfishes (Siluriformes: Ariidae) as inferred from mitochondrial, nuclear, and morphological evidence. Mol. Phylogen. Evol. 45:339-357. (Ref. 86580)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=86589&amp;speccode=952'>Betancur-R., R.: Marceniuk, A.P. and P. Béarez0 Taxonomic status and redescription of the gillbacker sea catfish (Siluriformes: Ariidae: &lt;i&gt;Sciades parkeri&lt;/i&gt;). Copeia 2008(4):827-834. (Ref. 86589)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101110&amp;speccode=952'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=103182&amp;speccode=952'>Trindade-Santos, I. and K.M.F. Freire0 Analysis of reproductive patterns of fishes from three large marine ecosystems. Front. Mar. Sci. 2:38. (Ref. 103182)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=104711&amp;speccode=952'>Araújo, A.R.R.0 Dinâmica populacional e pesca da gurijuba, &lt;i&gt;Arius parkeri&lt;/i&gt; (Traill, 1824) (Siluriformes: Ariidae), na costa atlântica do estado do Amapá. Master thesis, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 74p. (Ref. 104711)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118628&amp;speccode=952'>Palomares, M.L.D., R. Froese, B. Derrick, S.-L. Nöel, G. Tsui, J. Woroniak and D. Pauly0 A preliminary global assessment of the status of exploited marine fish and invertebrate populations. A report prepared by the Sea Around Us for OCEANA. The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, p. 64. (Ref. 118628)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1849954984' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128868&amp;speccode=952'>Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. 	Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868)</reference><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-GeneralDescr-952</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2013-11-29 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=952</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle</subject>
	<dc:description>Mainly found in turbid waters over muddy bottoms in coastal areas, estuaries and lower parts of rivers.  Sexually mature after around two years of age.  Upon hatching, the alevins are relatively large, approximately 6.0-6.5 cm (Ref. 35381).  Marketed fresh and salted (Ref. 5217).  Fish exported to Canada, USA, England, and Holland (Rayman Bedessee, pers. comm.).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=86589&amp;speccode=952'>Betancur-R., R.: Marceniuk, A.P. and P. Béarez 2008 Taxonomic status and redescription of the gillbacker sea catfish (Siluriformes: Ariidae: &lt;i&gt;Sciades parkeri&lt;/i&gt;). Copeia 2008(4):827-834. (Ref. 86589)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Estelita Emily Capuli</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2011-03-15 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2012-11-30 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:description>This species is distinguished by the following characters:  in life, yellowish body; swim bladder divided into 3 chambers; shield-shaped nuchal plate, usually larger than the supraoccipital process; head shield exposed and granulated in orbital and postorbital regions; first 2 gill with no mesial gill rakers.  Sciades parkeri can further be distinguished from sympatric congeners by the following:  fleshy furrow connecting posterior nares absent (vs. present in S. couma, S. herzbergii and S. passany); moderately sized posterior chamber of swim bladder (vs. small in S. proops; absent in S. couma, S. herzbergii, S. passany); nuchal plate with no anterior notch (vs. anterior notched in S. proops, sometimes notched in S. herzbergii); palatal patches forming a U-shaped band (vs. transverse in S. passany, lateral edge on accessory patches not emarginated or shallowly notched; lateral edge with an angled and pronounced notch in S. proops) (Ref. 86589).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=86580&amp;speccode=952'>Betancur-R, R., A. Acero P, E. Bermingham and R. Cooke 2007 Systematics and biogeography of New World sea catfishes (Siluriformes: Ariidae) as inferred from mitochondrial, nuclear, and morphological evidence. Mol. Phylogen. Evol. 45:339-357. (Ref. 86580)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Estelita Emily Capuli</agent>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=952</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 1; Dorsal soft rays (total): 7; Analsoft rays: 18 - 20; Vertebrae: 49 - 51</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=86580&amp;speccode=952'>Betancur-R, R., A. Acero P, E. Bermingham and R. Cooke 2007 Systematics and biogeography of New World sea catfishes (Siluriformes: Ariidae) as inferred from mitochondrial, nuclear, and morphological evidence. Mol. Phylogen. Evol. 45:339-357. (Ref. 86580)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-952</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2016-09-27 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=952</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Western Atlantic:  Coastal rivers from Guyana to northern Brazil.</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='85-7430-361-5' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=39852&amp;speccode=952'>Marceniuk, A.P. and C.J. Ferraris Jr. 2003 Ariidae (Sea catfishes). p. 447-455. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 39852)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Uses-952</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2013-11-29 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>John E. Randall</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=952</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>fisheries: minor commercial; price category: medium; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6077&amp;speccode=952'>Cervigón, F. and W. Fischer 1979 INFOPESCA. Catálogo de especies marinas de interes economico actual o potencial para América Latina. Parte 1. Atlántico centro y suroccidental. FAO/UNDP, SIC/79/1. 372 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 6077)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-LifeCycle-952</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2013-11-29 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=952&amp;StockCode=968</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription</subject>
	<dc:description>Distinct pairing. May employ mouth booding as parenting strategy (Ref. 205).</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=952'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-952</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2013-11-29 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=952</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology</subject>
	<dc:description>190 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 86589)); max. published weight: 50.0 kg (Ref. 5217); max. reported age: 4 years (Ref. 51994)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=86589&amp;speccode=952'>Betancur-R., R.: Marceniuk, A.P. and P. Béarez 2008 Taxonomic status and redescription of the gillbacker sea catfish (Siluriformes: Ariidae: &lt;i&gt;Sciades parkeri&lt;/i&gt;). Copeia 2008(4):827-834. (Ref. 86589)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5217&amp;speccode=952'>Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez 1992 Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51994&amp;speccode=952'>Lecomte, F., F.J. Meunier and R. Rojas-Beltran 1989 Some data on the growth of &lt;i&gt;Arius proops&lt;/i&gt; (Ariidae, Siluriformes) in the estuaries of French Guyana. Aquat. Living Resour. 2:63-68. (Ref. 51994)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Threats-2</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-952</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2013-11-29 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=952</dc:source>
	<dc:description>demersal; brackish; marine; depth range 15 - 20 m (Ref. 86589)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=86589&amp;speccode=952'>Betancur-R., R.: Marceniuk, A.P. and P. Béarez 2008 Taxonomic status and redescription of the gillbacker sea catfish (Siluriformes: Ariidae: &lt;i&gt;Sciades parkeri&lt;/i&gt;). Copeia 2008(4):827-834. (Ref. 86589)</reference></dataObject>
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