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Scombriformes (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Scomber: Greek, skombros = tunny or mackerel, 1623 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet
Ökologie
seewasser; brackwasser pelagic-neritic; ozeanodrom (Ref. 51243); tiefenbereich 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 54254), usually 0 - 200 m (Ref. 54254). Temperate; 77°N - 30°N, 77°W - 69°E
North Atlantic: including the Mediterranean.
Länge bei der ersten Reifung / Größe / Gewicht / Alter
Geschlechtsreife: Lm 28.7, range 34 - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm FL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 35388); common length : 30.0 cm FL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 168); max. veröff. Gewicht: 3.4 kg (Ref. 9988); max. veröff. Alter: 17 Jahre (Ref. 207)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 8 - 14; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 11 - 13; Afterflossenstacheln: 1; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 12 - 13; Wirbelzahl: 31. This species has the following characters: no well developed corselet; interpelvic process small and single; anal fin spine conspicuous, joined to the fin by a membrane but clearly independent of it; anal fin origin opposite that of second dorsal fin; no swim bladder; first haemal spine anterior to first interneural process; 21-28 interneural bones under first dorsal fin; markings on back oblique to near vertical, with relatively little undulating; belly unmarked (Ref. 168).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Abundant in cold and temperate shelf areas, forms large schools near the surface. They overwinter in deeper waters but move closer to shore in spring when water temperatures range between 11° and 14°C. Mainly diurnal, it feeds on zooplankton and small fish. Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). The species is traded fresh, frozen, smoked and canned. Eaten fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Two stocks in north-east Atlantic: North Sea (east) and British Isles (west). North Sea stock decreased dramatically in the 1960's because of direct overfishing. Recruitment has been poor and unstable. After spawning, the adult feed very actively moving around in small shoals (Ref. 35388).
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: hoch kommerziell; Sportfisch: ja
Tools
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Internet Quellen
Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen
Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00631 (0.00572 - 0.00696), b=3.07 (3.04 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Trophische Ebene (Ref. 69278) |
3.6 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies. |
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Generation time |
3.1 (2.3 - 4.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 17 growth studies. |
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179) |
mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (rm=0.33-0.56; K=0.23-0.27; tm=2-3; tmax=17; Fec=200,000). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.43, 95% CL = 0.28 - 0.64, Based on 10 full stock assessments. |
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref. 59153) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100). 🛈 |
Klimaanfälligkeit (Ref. 125649) |
Low vulnerability (10 of 100). 🛈 |
Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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Nährstoffe (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 20.1 [7.8, 49.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.705 [0.260, 1.627] mg/100g; Protein = 20.5 [19.4, 21.8] %; Omega3 = 0.761 [0.515, 1.159] g/100g; Selenium = 52 [28, 97] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.8 [5.0, 65.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.695 [0.445, 1.022] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |