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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Harpadon nehereus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Harpadon nehereus
Picture by Yu, D.
Pictures | Google image
Picture by Yu, D.
Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei (teleosts) > Aulopiformes (Grinners) > Synodontidae (Lizardfishes) > Harpadontinae
Etymology: Harpadon: Greek, arpedon, -es = net, bow, knot (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Hamilton.
Etymology: Harpadon: Greek, arpedon, -es = net, bow, knot (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Hamilton.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology
Marine; brackish; benthopelagic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 50 - ? m (Ref. 9987). Tropical; 31°N - 12°S, 40°E - 153°E (Ref. 54462)
Distribution Territories | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri
Indo-West Pacific: Somalia to Papua New Guinea, north to Japan and south to Indonesia.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 13 - ? cm
Max length : 61.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 43449); common length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 30573)
Max length : 61.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 43449); common length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 30573)
Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11 - 13; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 13 - 15. Scales restricted to posterior half of the body. Posterior tip of pectoral fin reaching origin of pelvic fin.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Inhabit deep water offshore on sandy mud bottom for most of the year, but also gathers in large shoals in deltas of rivers to feed during monsoons (Ref. 9987, 11230). Spawn 6 batches of broods per year (Ref. 43449). An aggressive predator (Ref. 9987). Primarily caught along Maharashtra with the bag-net, better known as 'dol' net. Operation of this gear is timed to a strong tidal current. The bag with the mouth set against the current strains the fish which is being retained therein by the strength of the current. The net is thus retrieved before the tide turns. Very phosphorescent. Excellent food fish. Marketed fresh and dried or salted; consumed pan-fried (Ref. 9987).
Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Main reference
Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1984. Harpadontidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 2. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3417)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Near Threatened (NT) (A2d); Date assessed: 28 June 2018
CITES
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: highly commercial
FAO - Fisheries: species profile, landings search; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Sea Around Us
More information
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Aquaculture profiles
Strains
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
Aquaculture profiles
Strains
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Tools
E-book | Field guide | Identification keys | Length-frequency wizard | Life-history tool | Point map |
Catch-MSY |
Special reports
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Internet sources
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: genus, species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Fisheries: species profile, landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | National databases | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
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Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00427 (0.00332 - 0.00549), b=3.14 (3.07 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
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Trophic level (Ref. 69278) |
4.1 ±0.74 se; based on food items. |
| Generation time | 1.5 (1.1 - 2.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10 growth studies. |
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Resilience (Ref. 120179) |
High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.18-0.9; Fec=89,600). |
| Rate of population increase | Prior r = 1.16, 95% CL = 0.77 - 1.75, Based on 5 data-limited stock assessments. |
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Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100). 🛈 |
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100). 🛈 |
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Price category (Ref. 80766) |
Low. |
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Nutrients (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 58.7 [27.2, 166.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.333 [0.155, 0.934] mg/100g; Protein = 12.3 [10.2, 15.6] %; Omega3 = 0.0747 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 28 [12, 74] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.22 [2.60, 29.21] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.368 [0.246, 0.916] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |