Ambiente: milieu / zona climática / intervalo de profundidade / gama de distribuição
Ecologia
marinhas; estuarina bentopelágico; oceanódromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 50 - ? m (Ref. 9987). Tropical; 31°N - 12°S, 40°E - 153°E (Ref. 54462)
Indo-West Pacific: Somalia to Papua New Guinea, north to Japan and south to Indonesia.
Comprimento na primeira maturidade / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturidade: Lm ?, range 13 - ? cm
Max length : 61.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 43449); common length : 25.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 30573)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 0; Raios dorsais moles (total) : 11 - 13; Espinhos anais: 0; Raios anais moles: 13 - 15. Scales restricted to posterior half of the body. Posterior tip of pectoral fin reaching origin of pelvic fin.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Inhabit deep water offshore on sandy mud bottom for most of the year, but also gathers in large shoals in deltas of rivers to feed during monsoons (Ref. 9987, 11230). Spawn 6 batches of broods per year (Ref. 43449). An aggressive predator (Ref. 9987). Primarily caught along Maharashtra with the bag-net, better known as 'dol' net. Operation of this gear is timed to a strong tidal current. The bag with the mouth set against the current strains the fish which is being retained therein by the strength of the current. The net is thus retrieved before the tide turns. Very phosphorescent. Excellent food fish. Marketed fresh and dried or salted; consumed pan-fried (Ref. 9987).
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1984. Harpadontidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 2. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3417)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Ameaça para o homem
Harmless
Utilização humana
Pescarias: altamente comercial
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Descarregue XML
Fontes da internet
Estimativas baseadas em modelos
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
|
a=0.00427 (0.00332 - 0.00549), b=3.14 (3.07 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278) |
4.1 ±0.74 se; based on food items. |
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Generation time |
1.5 (1.1 - 2.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10 growth studies. |
Resiliência (Ref. 120179) |
Elevada, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população menor que 15 meses (K=0.18-0.9; Fec=89,600). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 1.16, 95% CL = 0.77 - 1.75, Based on 5 data-limited stock assessments. |
Vulnerabilidade da pesca (Ref. 59153) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100). 🛈 |
Vulnerabilidade climática (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100). 🛈 |
Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766) |
Low.
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Nutrientes (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 58.7 [27.2, 166.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.333 [0.155, 0.934] mg/100g; Protein = 12.3 [10.2, 15.6] %; Omega3 = 0.0747 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 28 [12, 74] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.22 [2.60, 29.21] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.368 [0.246, 0.916] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |