Alosa immaculata, Pontic shad : fisheries

Alosa immaculata Bennett, 1835

Pontic shad
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Alosa immaculata   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Alosa immaculata (Pontic shad)
Alosa immaculata
Foto de Kutsarov, Y.

Clasificación / Nombres Nombres comunes | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Especie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Alosa: Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bennett.

Entorno: milieu / zona climática / rango de profundidad / gama de distribución Ecología

marino; agua dulce; salobre pelagic-neritic; anadromo (Ref. 138126); rango de profundidad 3 - 90 m (Ref. 10439). Temperate; 50°N - 41°N, 27°E - 44°E

Distribución Territorios | Áreas FAO | Ecosistemas | Ocurrencias, apariciones | Mapa de puntos | Introducciones | Faunafri

Eurasia: Black Sea and Sea of Azov ( in sea and in the Don, Danube and other rivers, as much as 567 km up the Don and as far as Kiev on the Dneiper before the dam was built). Recognized sub-species (Ref. 683): Alosa pontica pontica in the Black Sea and rivers feeding it; Alosa pontica kessleri and Alosa pontica volgensis in the Caspian Sea.

Tamaño / Peso / Edad

Madurez: Lm ?  range ? - 23.4 cm
Max length : 39.0 cm SL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 188); edad máxima reportada: 7 años (Ref. 10439)

Descripción breve Claves de identificación | Morfología | Morfometría

Espinas dorsales (total) : 0; Espinas anales: 0. Body fairly elongate, more `herring-like' than `shad-like'. Gill rakers rather thin, usually equal to or a little shorter than gill filaments. Teeth well developed in both jaws. Resembles A. caspia, which usually has more Gill rakers (50 to 180, much longer than gill filaments), poorly developed teeth and a deeper, `shad-like' body; A. maeotica has fewer Gill rakers (33 to 36).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.

Biología     Glosario (por ej. epibenthic)

Thai species is pelagic at sea, in deep water. It migrates to middle reaches of large rivers, spawning where current is strongest, close to the surface, often at 2-3 m depth in the main channel. Migrates upriver to spawn at 3 years, rarely earlier and only a few individuals spawn two seasons. It appears along the coast in March to April, enters rivers when temperatures reach about 6-9°C, between late March and late April; migration usually peaks in May. Spawning starts when temperature rises above 15°C in April to August; usually between 1 and 8 p.m. Pelagic eggs. Spent individuals return to the sea to feed. Juveniles inhabit floodplain and shallow riverine habitats, migrate to the sea or estuarine habitats during first summer; in autumn return to the sea until maturity. When at sea, it feeds on a wide variety of zooplankton (mainly crustaceans, (Crangon, Upogebia, Idothea, gammarids) and small fish (Engraulis, Clupeonella, Sprattus). Reduction of spawning sites and migration routes are caused by impoundment of main rivers. Heavy over fishing apparently reduced all populations during the first decade of the 20th century (Ref. 59043). Reaches a smaller size (30 cm SL, usually 14-18) in Don River; a smaller form reaches only 21 cm.

Ciclo vital y comportamiento de apareamiento Madurez | Reproducción | Puesta | Huevos | Fecundidad | Larva

Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 59043).

Referencia principal Suba sus referencias | Referencias | Coordinador | Colaboradores

Kottelat, M., 1997. European freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava, 52/Suppl. 5:1-271. (Ref. 13696)

Situación en la Lista Roja de la UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 28 June 2022

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Amenaza para el ser humano

  Harmless





Usos humanos

Pesquerías: escaso valor comercial
FAO - pesquerías: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Más información

Ecología Trófica
Alimentos (presas)
Composición de la dieta
consumo de alimento
Raciones de comida
Despredadores
Ecología
Ecología
Dinámica de la población
Coeficiente del crecimiento para
Edades / tallas máximas
Longitud-peso rel.
Longitud-longitud rel.
Longitud-frecuencias
Conversión de masas
Reclutamiento
Abundancia
Ciclo de vida
Reproducción
Madurez
Madurez/Gills rel.
Fecundidad
Puesta
Agregaciones de desove
Huevos
Desarrollo de los huevos
Larva
Dinámica larvaria
Anatomía
Superficie branquial
Cerebro
Otolito
Fisiología
Composición corporal
Nutrientes
Consumo del oxígeno
Tipo de natación
Velocidad de natación
Pigmentos visuales
Sonido de peces
Enfermedades y parásitos
Toxicidad (CL50)
Genética
Genoma
Genética
Heterocigosidad
heritabilidad
Diversidad genética
Relacionados con el ser humano
Sistemas de acuicultura
Perfiles de acuicultura
Razas
Ciguatera cases
Sellos, monedas, varios
Divulgación
Colaboradores
Referencias
Referencias

Herramientas

Informes especiales

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Fuentes de Internet

AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Género, Especie | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - pesquerías: landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Bases de datos nacionales | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Árbol de la vida | Wikipedia: Go, búsqueda | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Expediente Zoológico

Estimaciones basadas en modelos

Índice de diversidad filogenética
(Referencia 82804)
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.00741 (0.00618 - 0.00889), b=3.08 (3.04 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Nivel trófico
(Referencia 69278)
4.0   ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliencia
(Referencia 120179)
Medio, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 1.4-4.4 años (K=0.32; tm=2; tmax=9).
Vulnerabilidad pesquera
(Ref. 59153)
Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100). 🛈
Vulnerabilidad climática
(Ref. 125649)
High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100). 🛈
Categoría de precios
(Ref. 80766)
High.
Nutrientes
(Ref. 124155)
Calcium = 14.6 [7.1, 77.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.56 [0.23, 1.34] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [17.1, 22.4] %; Omega3 = 1.44 [0.75, 2.79] g/100g; Selenium = 9.61 [4.44, 21.22] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.7 [4.5, 66.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.335 [0.208, 0.588] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.