رده بندی / نامها
اسامي عام | مترادف | Catalog of Fishes(جنس, گونه ها) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
محیط زیست: محیط زیست / منطقه آب و هوایی / تغييرات عمق / محدوده توزیع
بوم شناسي
; آب شيرين موجوداتی که در محدوده وسیعی از آبهای آزاد از نزدیک بستر و یا روی کف بستر، در قسمت های میان آبی تا سطح آب و در برخی گونه ها با قابلیت پرواز، زندگی و تغذیه می کنند.; رود رو (Ref. 51243); تغييرات عمق 0 - 4 m. Temperate; 4°C - 25°C (Ref. 2060); 34°S - 37°S
Oceania: Once widely distributed in the Murray-Darling basin and southeastern coastal drainages. Now reduced to cooler upper reaches of Murray-Darling basin, New South Wales, Australia. Introduced in the Wannon, Barwon, Yarra Rivers (Victoria) and the Nepean and Shoalhaven Rivers (New South Wales), Australia.
طول در اولین بلوغ / اندازه / وزن / سن
بلوغ: Lm ?  range ? - 30 cm
Max length : 46.0 cm SL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 44894); common length : 23.0 cm SL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 5259); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 3.5 kg (Ref. 2906)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 8 - 12; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 12 - 15; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 3; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 8 - 11; مهره ها: 28 - 31.
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Occurs in lakes and flowing streams usually in deep holes with rock or gravel substrates (Ref. 5259). Inhabits cool, clear water of rivers, lakes and reservoirs. Prefers slow-flowing, deep rocky pools. Solitary, swimming near the bottom or in mid-water, but form small shoals during the spawning season (October to December) (Ref. 44894). Forms large shoals near shore. Fry feeds on zooplankton; adult on aquatic insects, crustaceans and mollusks. Male matures at 20 cm (2 y), female at 30 cm (3 y). Spawns upstream in spring or early summer; eggs hatch in 13-18 days; larvae of 7 cm TL (Ref. 5259). Moves into areas just upstream of shallow riffles over gravel or rocky bottoms to spawn. The female releases demersal eggs which sink into cracks in the substrate. Fish in reservoirs move into flowing feeder streams to spawn. Sexual maturity is reached after 2 years (20 centimeters) for males, 3 years (30 centimeters) for females (Ref. 44894). Tolerates temp. down to 9°C (Ref. 7276). Infected by nematodes and copepod Lernaea cyprinacea (Ref. 7315).
Return to same river or lake site to spawn each year. Sexually segregated schools (uniform size & age-bet. 4-10 y) migrate upstream: female groups some days or weeks in advance. Most abundant in lakes fed by suitable shallow streams with rock or gravel substrates. Male nudges female vent region; eggs released, fertilized. Eggs turn transparent, increase to 4.0 mm diameter, are spherical, adhesive and demersal and are swept downstream lodging in boulders and pebbles. Hatching in 10-18 days (11-18°C). Larvae shelter in boulders.
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري; آبزي پروري: تجاري; ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله; آكواريوم: تجاري
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
تخمینها بر اساس مدلها
شاخص تنوع فیلوژنتیکی (مرجع 82804) |
PD50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01778 (0.00683 - 0.04629), b=3.06 (2.83 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
سطح تروفیک (مرجع 69278) |
3.3 ±0.01 se; based on food items. |
جهندگی (مرجع 120179) |
متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (tm=2-3). |
آسیبپذیری ماهیگیری (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100). 🛈 |
طبقه قيمت (Ref. 80766) |
Unknown.
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