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Scombriformes (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Gymnosarda: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, sarde = sardine; 1598 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Rüppell.
Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina revassocierade; havsvandrande (Ref. 51243); djupintervall 0 - 250 m (Ref. 86942). Tropical; 20°C - 28°C (Ref. 5313); 31°N - 30°S, 32°E - 130°W (Ref. 168)
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to French Polynesia, north to Japan, south to Australia.
Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 248 cm FL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 40637); common length : 190 cm NG hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9710); publicerad maxvikt: 131.0 kg (Ref. 168)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 13 - 15; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 12 - 14; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 12 - 13; Ryggkotor: 38. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body elongate and moderately compressed; mouth fairly large, upper jaw reaching to middle of eye; 14 to 31 large, conical teeth on upper jaw, 10 to 24 on lower jaw; 2 patches of villiform teeth on upper surface of tongue; total gill rakers on first gill arch 11-14; D1 XIII-XV, its border almost straight, the second followed by 6-7 finlets, dorsal fins close together; anal fin followed by 6 finlets; pectoral fins with 25-28 rays; interpelvic process large and single; lateral line strongly undulating; body naked posterior to corselet except for lateral line, dorsal-fin base, and caudal keel; caudal peduncle slender, with a well-developed lateral keel between 2 smaller keels on each side. Colour of back and upper sides brilliant blue-black, lower sides and belly silvery; no lines, spots or other markings on body; anterior tip of first dorsal fin dark; other fins greyish (Ref. 9684).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
An offshore species found mainly around coral reefs. Generally solitary or occur in small schools of six or less. Preys on small schooling fishes such as Decapterus, Caesio, Nasio, Cirrhilabrus, Pterocaesio and squids. Caught mainly by pole-and-line. Marketed canned and frozen (Ref. 9684, 48637). Adults may be ciguatoxic (Ref. 37816). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
Livscykel och parningsbeteende
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 168)
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell; sportfisk: ja
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
Ladda ner XML
Internet-källor
Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01072 (0.00643 - 0.01784), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245). |
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278) |
4.5 ±0.75 se; based on food items. |
Resiliens (Ref. 120179) |
Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (Assuming tmax>10). |
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref. 59153) |
High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100). 🛈 |
Sårbarhet för klimatet (Ref. 125649) |
Very high vulnerability (92 of 100). 🛈 |
Priskategori (Ref. 80766) |
High.
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Näringsämnen (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 11.6 [6.8, 20.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.539 [0.311, 0.982] mg/100g; Protein = 21.8 [20.2, 23.1] %; Omega3 = 0.136 [0.084, 0.225] g/100g; Selenium = 69.1 [38.3, 127.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 51.6 [19.1, 151.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.543 [0.384, 0.760] mg/100g (wet weight); |