محیط زیست: محیط زیست / منطقه آب و هوایی / تغييرات عمق / محدوده توزیع
بوم شناسي
دريايي; لب شور موجوداتی که در محدوده وسیعی از آبهای آزاد از نزدیک بستر و یا روی کف بستر، در قسمت های میان آبی تا سطح آب و در برخی گونه ها با قابلیت پرواز، زندگی و تغذیه می کنند.; اقیانوس رو (Ref. 51243); تغييرات عمق 0 - 70 m (Ref. 86942), usually 0 - 70 m (Ref. 55224). Subtropical; 45°N - 53°S, 98°W - 154°W (Ref. 55224)
Tropical and subtropical waters of all oceans. Western Atlantic: New England and Bermuda southward to Argentina (Ref. 114270); and Falkland Islands (Ref. 114522). Eastern Atlantic: presumably along the coast from the Straits of Gibraltar to the Gulf of Guinea, including Madeira, although reliable records still lacking from Angola, the Canary Islands, and Cape Verde Islands; and Mediterranean (Ref. 114272). Indo-Pacific: East Africa through all countries of Southeast Asia north to Taiwan Province of China and southern Japan, northern Australia to southern Queensland, New Guinea to New Britain, and south to Fiji. Reported as rare visitors in Ponape, Hawaii, and Tahiti (Ref. 47694). Records from eastern central to southeastern Pacific need further confirmation and may refer to Lobotes pacificus.
اندازه / وزن / سن
بلوغ: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 110 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 7251); common length : 80.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 5450); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 19.2 kg (Ref. 40637)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 11 - 12; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 15 - 16; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 3; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 11 - 12. Adults dark brown or greenish yellow above, silvery grey below; pectorals pale yellow, other fins darker than body; caudal fin with yellow margin (Ref. 4386). Rounded caudal fin that appear as single 3-lobed fin (Ref. 26938).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: compressed.
Adult inhabits bays (Ref. 37816), muddy estuaries and lower reaches of large rivers (Ref. 48636). A sluggish offshore fish that often floats on its side near the surface in the company of floating objects. Occasionally drifts over reefs (Ref. 9710, 44187). Juvenile may occur in floating Sargassum and mimic a floating leaf (Ref. 37816). Feeds on benthic crustaceans and small fish (Ref. 30573, 44187). Marketed fresh, frozen, or salted.
Tortonese, E., 1990. Lobotidae. p. 780. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6947)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري; ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله; آكواريوم: تجاري
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
تخمینها بر اساس مدلها
شاخص تنوع فیلوژنتیکی (مرجع 82804) |
PD50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.02630 (0.01424 - 0.04859), b=3.01 (2.84 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245). |
سطح تروفیک (مرجع 69278) |
4.0 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies. |
جهندگی (مرجع 120179) |
زياد, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت ، كمتر از 15 ماه (K>0.5; tm=1; tmax=3;). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.86, 95% CL = 0.57 - 1.28, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment. |
آسیبپذیری ماهیگیری (Ref. 59153) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100). 🛈 |
آسیبپذیری اقلیمی (Ref. 125649) |
High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100). 🛈 |
طبقه قيمت (Ref. 80766) |
Very high.
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مواد مغذی (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 40.9 [22.2, 78.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.898 [0.479, 1.629] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.8, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.268 [0.148, 0.487] g/100g; Selenium = 38.5 [19.2, 86.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.77 [1.92, 27.07] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.522 [0.349, 0.798] mg/100g (wet weight); |