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> Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies) > Cichlidae (Cichlids) > Cichlasomatinae
Etymology: Hypsophrys:Greek, hypsi = high + Greek, ophrys = eyebrow (Ref. 45335). More on author: Günther.
Taxonomic Remarks Species monograph by López (1974), well illustrated. Kullander & Hartel (1997) discussed the nomenclature of Hypsophrys unimaculatus. Reviewed by Bussing (1998: 354), with key, diagnosis, geographical distribution, and figures.
Central America: Atlantic slope, from the San Juan drainage, including Lake Nicaragua, in Costa Rica and Nicaragua, to the Matina River drainage in Costa Rica.
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Ηλικία
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση: Lm? range ? - ? cm Max length : 16.5 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 36377); 20.0 cm TL (female)
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 18 - 19; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 9 - 11; Εδρικές άκανθες: 7 - 8; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 7 - 9. This species can be distinguished by the dark line running through the middle of the body and the large black blotch positioned midlength; head profile extremely curved with the mouth on the lower part of the head; in males, the scales have dark edges producing a reticulated pattern, their fins with many dark spots, and a red edge to the dorsal fin; both males with iridescent, greenish-blue head and with gold to copper-colored bodies (Ref. 44091). Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Inhabit lakes and rivers with slow to moderate currents, between 5 to 200 m elevation (Ref. 36880). Juveniles feed on aquatic insects, while adults feed on bottom detritus, seeds and leaves. Also naturally feed on snails and other mollusks, but will accept a variety of food in captivity (Ref. 44091). Maximum length 25 cm TL (Ref. 2060).
Κύκλος ζωής και συμπεριφορά ζευγαρώματος Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Αβγά | Γονιμότητα | Προνύμφες
Deposits eggs in sand depressions. Produces about 200-400 non adhesive eggs with females practicing communal care during the post spawning period (an unusual behavior referred to as "creching", Ref. 44091). A group of 3 or 4 females stand guard over their combined spawns, encircling the expanded group and do not allow any intruders or predators into the rearing arena.
Kullander, S.O., 2003. Cichlidae (Cichlids). p. 605-654. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36377)
Κατάσταση Κόκκινου Καταλόγου IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
