Taxonomic Remarks
In genus Planiliza (Durand et al., 2015: Ref. 114224).
Окружающая среда: среда / климатическая зона / пределы глубины / диапазон распространения
экология
морской; пресноводный; солоноватоводный pelagic-neritic; катадромный (Ref. 46888); пределы глубины 5 - 10 m (Ref. 559). Temperate; 53°N - 18°N, 105°E - 146°E
Northwest Pacific: Hokkaido southward to Kyushu, Japan; Amur River southward to Xiamen through the Korean Peninsula (Ref. 41299). Reported from Vietnam (Ref. 9706). Introduced in the Aegean Sea (Ref. 113897), Black Sea and the Mediterranean (Ref. 101091).
Длина при первой зрелости / Размер / Вес / Возраст
половая зрелость: Lm ?, range 48 - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 56557); common length : 50.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 9137); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 5.0 kg (Ref. 56557)
Краткое описание
определительные ключи | морфология | морфометрия
Adults inhabit shallow coastal waters as well as freshwater regions of rivers (Ref. 41299). Very common in the rivers discharging into Peter the Great Bay; enter freshwater. Juveniles spend their first year in freshwater then migrate to sea to breed (Ref. 59043). Large concentrations of fry-of-the-year measuring 3.1-6.2 cm in the mouths of rivers in August. Length in the Black Sea is usually 20-30 cm but may reach 43 cm; length in the Atlantic Ocean may reach 50 cm (Ref. 2058). Omnivorous (Ref. 9137). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Alien Invasive: In Azov Sea, it is now the most abundant mugilid species. Along shores of Black Sea, its expansion corresponds to a sharp decline of native species of Mugilidae, which it apparently replaces (Ref. 59043).
Juveniles spend their first year in freshwater then migrate to sea to breed (Ref. 59043). Also Ref. 205.
Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993. Meeresfische der Welt - Groß-Indopazifische Region. Tetra Verlag, Herrenteich, Melle. 528 p. (Ref. 9137)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Угроза для людей
Harmless
Использование человеком
рыболовство: коммерческий
дополнительная информация
инструменты
Специальные отчеты
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Оценки, основанные на моделях
Индекс филогенетического разнообразия (ссылка 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00933 (0.00618 - 0.01409), b=2.95 (2.83 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Трофический уровень (ссылка 69278) |
2.5 ±0.19 se; based on food items. |
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Generation time |
8.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies. |
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (ссылка 120179) |
низкий, минимальное время удвоения популяции 4.5-14 лет (0.13-0.23; tm=2-5;). |
Уязвимость рыбной ловли (Ref. 59153) |
High vulnerability (58 of 100). 🛈 |
Категория цены (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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Питательные вещества (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 34.5 [13.5, 102.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.427 [0.194, 0.861] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [17.2, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.703 [0.309, 1.611] g/100g; Selenium = 8.06 [3.41, 19.24] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.2 [2.5, 43.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.846 [0.550, 1.305] mg/100g (wet weight); |