Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut; air tawar; payau pelagic-neritic. Subtropical; 27°S - 35°S
Southeast Atlantic: restricted from Lüderitz, Namibia to northern Natal, South Africa.
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm 4.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 11.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 7248)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 6 - 9; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 11 - 15; Duri dubur: 1; Sirip dubur lunak: 15 - 18. Body silvery and translucent with a midlateral band; dusky upper surface (Ref. 4125).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Forms schools along the coast and in estuaries, especially during spring (Ref. 3302). Also found in coastal lakes (Ref. 7248). Small individuals filter out small organisms such as phytoplankton and rotifers. Above 3.5 cm TL, it feeds mostly on crustaceans especially amphipods taken from the water column as well as off the bottom. Preyed upon by fishes and birds (Ref. 7248).
Siklus hidup dan perilaku kawin
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fekunditas | Larva
Skelton, P.H., 1993. A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. 388 p. (Ref. 7248)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: perikanan swasembada; umpan: usually
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00794 (0.00438 - 0.01441), b=3.15 (2.99 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245). |
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan 69278) |
3.4 ±0.46 se; based on food items. |
Daya lenting (Acuan 120179) |
sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.). |
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref. 59153) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100). 🛈 |
kategori harga (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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