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Indo-Pacific: from East Africa to Tonga, north to southern Japan, and south to northern
Australia; except Andaman Sea. Replaced by Atherinomorus insularum in the Hawaiian Islands (Ref. 37816). 印度-太平洋: 紅海而且東非到夏威夷, 薩摩亞人與鳳凰島, 北至日本南部與小笠原群島, 南至澳洲的昆士蘭省與新加勒多尼亞。 最近迴游進入地中海東部之內了經過蘇伊士運河。 被 Atherinomorus insularum 取代了在夏威夷群島。 (參考文獻 37816)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm? range ? - ? cm Max length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 48635)
背棘 (總數) : 5 - 8; 背的軟條 (總數) : 9 - 10; 臀棘: 1; 臀鰭軟條: 12 - 17; 脊椎骨: 43 - 44. This species is distinguished by the following characters: lateral process of premaxilla very low and wide; upper margin of the dentary almost flat distally, no distinct tubercle at the posterior end; posterior tip of the upper jaw reaching to or beyond a vertical through anterior margin of the pupil, sometimes reaching to the center of pupil; small teeth on endopterygoids, not forming obvious ridges; the anus is near or usually behind the posterior tip of the pelvic fin; lower gill rakers 18-24; midlateral scale count 40-44; lower margin of midlateral band reaching below ventral end of the midlateral (third) scale row and reaching to almost the center of the fourth scale row at level of the anal fin origin (Ref. 58474). Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: oval. 正在向後地延伸的上頜的末端到垂直的經過前緣瞳孔; 齒骨的分離邊緣幾乎平坦, 沒有在後部的海拔; 在側面中央的系列 39-44 中的鱗片.(參考文獻 9760) 前頜骨的分支長的, 延伸經過垂直的經過瞳孔的前緣。 肛門在或在腹的頂端之前。 四個像凹洞一樣的孔在頭部背面上, 通常被大的鱗片覆蓋。 腋窩的鱗片大的但是通常脫落。 身體綠色的﹐淡黃色的或褐色的。 身體的上半部總是比較黑的。 大多數的鱗片有黑色邊緣了。 (也見參考文獻 559).
Common in large schools along sandy shorelines and reef margins. Reported to be mainly a nocturnal species which usually forms schools (from several hundred to more than 100 m long and 20 m wide) (Ref. 9760). Feeds mostly at night when the school disperse. Feeds on a variety of planktonic crustaceans. Preyed upon by sharks, tunas, long toms, and amberjacks which swim alongside the school. Among its other predators are crested terns, gannets, sea-gulls and herons. Slow moving and not well regarded as bait. Extremely important as forage fish for larger species (Ref. 3302). Sold fresh, or salted and dried (Ref. 12484). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 57178.
Kimura, S., D. Golani, Y. Iwatsuki, M. Tabuchi and T. Yoshino, 2007. Redescriptions of the Indo-Pacific atherinid fishes Atherinomorus forskalii, Atherinomorus lacunosus, and Atherinomorus pinguis. Ichthyol. Res. 54(2):145-159. (Ref. 58474)
