Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut berasosiasi dengan karang. Tropical; 32°N - 3°S, 117°W - 77°W
Eastern Central Pacfic: Baja California (Mexico) to northern Peru; including the Galapagos Is.
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm 110.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 260 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 9254)
Inhabit rocky and coral reefs (Ref. 12951); on soft and sandy bottoms. Feeds mainly on mantis shrimps and fishes (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Litters of 1-5 pups; gestation period 10-11 months (Ref. 114953); Caught rarely by the gillnet fisheries operating in shelf waters. Utilized for its meat (Ref.58048).
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Brood consists of 1-3 neonates and grow to about 40 cm DW in spring-summer (Ref. 38396).
Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00447 (0.00189 - 0.01053), b=3.12 (2.92 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan 69278) |
3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items. |
Daya lenting (Acuan 120179) |
sangat rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum lebih dari 14 tahun (Fec=1-3). |
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref. 59153) |
High to very high vulnerability (74 of 100). 🛈 |
kategori harga (Ref. 80766) |
Low.
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Nutrisi (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 4.25 [0.50, 62.97] mg/100g; Iron = 0.352 [0.028, 3.714] mg/100g; Protein = 22.4 [20.0, 24.7] %; Omega3 = 0.0681 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 41.8 [8.1, 218.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.9 [1.2, 155.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.592 [0.036, 6.796] mg/100g (wet weight); |