أشلاق (القروش و الشفانين) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Mobulidae (Devilrays)
Etymology: tarapacana: Named for the Chilean province Tarapacà, where the type specimen was landed.
More on author: Philippi.
البيئة: الوسط / المنطقة المناخية / نطاق العمق / نطاق التوزيع
البيئة
بحري مرتبطة بالشعاب; محيطية (Ref. 51243); نطاق العمق 0 - 1896 m (Ref. 117177), usually 0 - 20 m (Ref. 89972). Tropical; 50°N - 37°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 114953)
Circumtropical, recorded from scattered localities. Western Atlantic: off Venezuela. Eastern Atlantic: Côte d'Ivoire and South Africa. Reported from Cape Verde (Ref. 34514). Indian Ocean: northwestern Red Sea and India. Western Pacific: Japan, Taiwan, and probably tropical Australia (Ref. 9911). Eastern Pacific: From Gulf of California to Chile (Ref. 130539).
الطول عند النضج الأول / الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm 264.8  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 328 cm WD ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 58048); 305.2 cm WD (female); common length : 250 cm WD ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 9256); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 350.0 kg (Ref. 50641)
A large devil ray with a long head bearing short head fins; dorsal fin plain, and pectoral fins with strongly curved, swept-back tips; upper disc densely covered with small, pointed denticles and tail shorter than disc with no spine (Ref. 5578). Dark blue (Ref. 5578), olive-green to brownish above; ventral side white anteriorly, grey posteriorly, with an irregular but distinct line of demarcation (Ref. 11228). No caudal fin (Ref. 5578).
Body shape (shape guide): other.
Mostly oceanic, but also in coastal waters. Solitary, sometimes forms groups (Ref. 12951). Feeds on small fishes (Ref. 5578) and planktonic crustaceans (Ref. 9911). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Litter number 1 (Ref. 12951). Sometimes found stranded in beaches in temperate areas (Ref. 9911). Data on female max. length from Ref. 9256. Commonly caught in tuna gillnet and in harpoon fisheries. Utilized for its gill filter plates (very high value), meat, cartilage and skin (Ref. 58048).
دورة الحياة وسلوك التزاوج
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | اليرقات
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
McEachran, J.D. and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara, 1995. Mobulidae. Mantas, diablos. p. 759-764. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9256)
حالة القائمة الحمراء للاتحاد الدولي لحفظ الطبيعة والموارد الطبيعية (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: مصائد تستهلك محلينا
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
تنزيل XML
مصادر علي الأنترنت
تقديرات تستند إلى النماذج
مؤشر التنوع الشُعبي الوراثي (مرجع 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245). |
مستوى غذائي (مرجع 69278) |
3.8 ±0.59 se; based on food items. |
المرونه (مرجع 120179) |
منخفظ جدا, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أكثر من 14 سنة (Fec=1). |
ضعف الصيد (Ref. 59153) |
Very high vulnerability (79 of 100). 🛈 |
فئة السعر (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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