Environnement : milieu / zone climatique / profondeur / gamme de distribution
Écologie
marin démersal; profondeur 1 - 150 m (Ref. 6790), usually 1 - 30 m (Ref. 35388). Temperate; 66°N - 27°N, 19°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Norway to Morocco, Madeira and Canary Islands, including the Mediterranean and the Black Sea (Ref. 6790). Reported from Mauritania (Ref. 55783).
Longueur à la première maturité / Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturité: Lm 12.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 53.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 40637); common length : 25.0 cm SL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 3397); poids max. publié: 1.9 kg (Ref. 40637)
Body elongate, length more than 6 times height. Greenish in upper parts, yellowish-white oblique stripes. Small 2-3 spines in front of each eye (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
On sandy, muddy or gravelly bottoms, from a few meters to about 150 m. Rest on the bottom, often buried with eyes and tip of first dorsal fin exposed (Ref. 9988). At night they swim around freely, even pelagically (Ref. 35388). Feed on small invertebrates and fishes; chiefly nocturnal. Oviparous, eggs and larval stages pelagic (Ref. 4675). There are dark markings along the scales; the anterior dorsal fin is black and contains venomous spines. Utilized fresh and frozen; can be pan-fried, broiled, boiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Spawning takes place in June and August, pelagic eggs are 1 mm (Ref. 35388). Also Ref. 57406.
Cycle de vie et comportement reproducteur
Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves
Oviparous, eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 4675).
Roux, C., 1990. Trachinidae. p. 893-895. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6790)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: intérêt commercial mineur; pêche sportive: oui; Aquarium: Aquariums publics
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Estimations basées sur des modèles
Indice de diversité phylogénétique (Réf. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5059 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00550 (0.00452 - 0.00668), b=3.05 (2.99 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Niveau trophique (Réf. 69278) |
3.9 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies. |
Résilience (Réf. 120179) |
Milieu, temps minimum de doublement de population : 1,4 à 4,4 années (K=0.08-0.5; Assuming tm=2-4). |
Vulnérabilité de la pêche (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (55 of 100). 🛈 |
Vulnérabilité climatique (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100). 🛈 |
Catégorie de prix (Ref. 80766) |
Low.
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Nutriments (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 29.9 [20.3, 57.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.36 [0.23, 0.58] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.9, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.643 [0.399, 1.025] g/100g; Selenium = 13.2 [7.3, 25.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 23.8 [7.7, 74.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.445 [0.328, 0.607] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |