分類 / 名稱
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Haemulidae (Grunts)
仿石鱸科 (Grunts) > Haemulinae
Etymology: Haemulon: Greek, haimaleos = bloody (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Gill.
環境: 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 3 - 30 m (Ref. 5227), usually 10 - 12 m (Ref. 5227). 熱帶; 28°N - 7°N
Eastern Central Pacific: Gulf of California to Panama.
中太平洋東部: 加州灣到巴拿馬。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 71.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 55763); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 55763); 最大體重: 2.3 kg (Ref. 40926)
Body oblong, compressed and not very deep (depth contained 2.9 to 3.3 times in standard length ); mouth large and terminal, its posterior end located under the anterior rim of the eye; first gill arch with 18 to 22 gill rakers; dorsal fin notched, with 11 to 12 spines and 16 to 18 soft rays (XI-XII, 16-18); second anal spine slightly longer and stronger than third; scale series above lateral line oblique; juveniles with 3 vertical bars and a caudal spot that disappears with age; adults with 6 or 7 dark gray vertical bars on a yellowish body; head with a dark spot behind the eye (Ref. 55763).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Forms schools in coastal reefs during the day but disperses at night in search for food. Often feed by digging in sand (Ref. 5227).
在岸礁中形成魚群在白天期間但是分散在晚上在尋找食物。 時常藉著挖掘沙子覓食。 (參考文獻 5227)
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).中太平洋東部: 加州灣到巴拿馬。
McKay, R.J. and M. Schneider, 1995. Haemulidae. Burros, corocoros, chulas, gallinazos, roncos. p. 1136-1173. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9114)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 25 May 2007
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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基於模型的估計
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.02570 (0.01537 - 0.04300), b=3.00 (2.86 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
營養階層 (參考文獻 69278) |
4.2 ±0.73 se; based on food items. |
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Generation time |
8.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies. |
回復力 (參考文獻 120179) |
低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.13). |
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
High vulnerability (58 of 100). 🛈 |
價格種類 (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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營養素 (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 26.6 [9.7, 51.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.52 [0.26, 0.95] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [17.5, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.118 [0.064, 0.199] g/100g; Selenium = 30.9 [16.3, 56.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 121 [44, 318] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.879 [0.599, 1.285] mg/100g (wet weight); |