Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Pellonula: Latin, pellis = skin + Latin, nullus = no one (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Günther.
環境: 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 大洋性; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 138280). 熱帶; 13°N - 13°S
Africa: lagoons and lower parts of rivers from Liberia to Angola (Ref. 188, 2244, 28136, 81269, 81631), also in Guinea-Bissau (Ref. 3033); however it seems to be absent in the area between Ghana and Niger River Delta (Ref. 2244, 28136), except for Lake Nokoué (Ref. 81269). This species was not observed far upstream rivers (Ref. 2244), although it has been found recently in Léfini River, part of Middle Congo River basin (Ref. 88782). The type locality of the syntypes of the nominal species Pellonula stanleyana, 'Stanley Falls' (Ref. 2263), seems to be an erroneous locality (Ref. 188), and should be 'Cette Cama [= Sette Cama]' in Gabon (Ref. 2244).
非洲: 在河中從賴比瑞亞到安哥拉。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 12.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 188)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 15 - 19; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 16 - 21; 脊椎骨: 42 - 43. Diagnosis: Body moderate or fairly deep, its depth 23-30% of standard length; 1 or more scutes beginning in front of base of first pectoral finray, with 11-16 pre-pelvic and 8-11 post-pelvic scutes, and a total of 20-25 scutes, first pre-pelvic scute always longer and better developed than following scutes lacking ascending arms; lower jaw slightly projecting, teeth at symphysis large in large specimens; pre-maxilla teeth well-developed, fairly straight and outward pointing, an indented toothless gap at centre of jaw; lower gillrakers 24-37, equal to or longer than corresponding gill filaments; silver stripe along flank (Ref. 188, 2244, 81269, 81631). It resembles Pellonula leonensis, which has small and inward-curving teeth and no pre-pectoral scutes (Ref. 188, 81269, 81631). The absence of large canine teeth in the upper jaw distinguishes it from Odaxothrissa (Ref. 188).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
身體中等縱深的, 扁長形的。 在峽部的鱗甲 (20 到 25 總數) 開始, 第一個通常長的; 12-16 腹鰭前的; 8-10 postpelvic。 些微地在前面或在後腹鰭的嵌入的第一背鰭鰭條。 胸鰭長度通常超過一半的胸-腹鰭距離。 第一臀鰭鰭條顯著地插在最後背鰭鰭條的水平後面了。 下頜些微突出, 在瘉合處的齒大的較大時魚; 前上顎齒強的, 非常直的, 在頜的中心的一些魚與一個凹入的無齒間隙朝前。 下鰓耙長的。 銀色的斑紋沿著側面。 與 21-26個腹部的脊椎骨; 17-23個尾部的脊椎骨; 10-12 前背骨。 顏色在黃褐色與黃色的灰色之間改變當保存在酒精中時。
Adults are found in rivers and streams (Ref. 188). They form large schools in lower courses of rivers (Ref. 2244, 43836), and are very abundant in brackish water habitat (Ref. 86940).
出現於河川與溪流。 在下面的範圍方面形成大群魚群。
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
非洲: 在河中從賴比瑞亞到安哥拉。
Gourène, G. and G.G. Teugels, 1991. Révision du genre Pellonula des eaux douces africaines (Pisces: Clupeidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 2(3):213-225. (Ref. 2244)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 30 April 2019
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業
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基於模型的估計
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻 82804) |
PD50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00871 (0.00415 - 0.01826), b=3.06 (2.89 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
營養階層 (參考文獻 69278) |
3.1 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives |
回復力 (參考文獻 120179) |
中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Fec < 1,000). |
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (12 of 100). 🛈 |
價格種類 (Ref. 80766) |
Low.
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