Alosa caspia, Caspian shad : fisheries

Alosa caspia (Eichwald, 1838)

Caspian shad
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Alosa caspia   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Alosa caspia (Caspian shad)
Alosa caspia
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> Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Alosa: Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).

Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde Ekologi

marina; sötvatten; brackvatten pelagic-neritic; anadrom (Ref. 138126). Temperate; 48°N - 37°N, 27°E - 54°E

Utbredning Territorier | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Prickkarta | Utplanteringar | Faunafri

Eurasia: Black Sea, Sea of Azov and Caspian Sea.

Storlek / Vikt / Ålder

Könsmognad: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 32.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 593); common length : 20.0 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 188); publicerad maxvikt: 250.00 g (Ref. 593); rapporterad maxålder: 7 år (Ref. 10549)

Kort beskrivning Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri

Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 0; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0. Body `shad-like', usually rather deep and compressed. Total gill rakers 50 to 180, long and thin, distinctly longer than filaments. Teeth poorly developed in jaws, sometimes barely detectable. A black spot posterior to gill opening and occasionally further black spots on flank in some cases.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.

Biologi     Ordlista (t.ex. epibenthic)

Schooling and migratory (Ref. 188); at sea, pelagic in coastal waters with steady current and avoids areas with stable salinity; migrates from sea to mouth of large rives and spawns in fresh- or slightly brackish-water at shallow sites washed by flow of large rivers. Males migrate upriver at 2-3 years, females at 4-5; many individuals reproduce 2-4 seasons. Two migration peaks, one in late April (mostly males), one in early May (mostly females), entering rivers when temperature rises above 10°C. Spawns when temperature is at least 15°C, in May to June. Spawning usually occurs in the upper 3 m. Eggs semi-pelagic and demersal. Spent fish migrate back to the sea; juveniles migrate to sea during first summer, remaining there until they mature. Feeds mainly on zooplankton (copepods and mysids) when at sea (Ref. 59043). Depending on the subspecies (10 subspecies known), some are semi-anadromous and spawn in fresh or slightly saline waters, mainly in the lower reaches, whereas others are practically marine and spawn in brackish or even fully saline oceanic waters. One of the most warm-loving Alosa of the Caspian. Only A. a. caspia of the Caspian Sea is of commercial importance (Ref. 188).

Livscykel och parningsbeteende Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver

Depending on the subspecies some are semi-anadromous and spawn in fresh or slightly saline waters, mainly in the lower reaches, whereas others are practically marine and spawn in brackish or even fully saline oceanic waters (Ref.188).There are two migration peaks, one in late April (mostly males) and one in early May (mostly females). Spent fish migrate back to sea. Juveniles migrate to sea during first summer, remaining at sea until they mature (Ref. 59043).

Huvudreferens Ladda upp dina referenser | referenser | Koordinator | Medarbetare

Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)

Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 28 June 2022

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Hot mot människor

  Harmless





Mänskliga användningsområden

Fiskeri: kommersiellt viktig
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Verktyg

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Internet-källor

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Släkte, Arter | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Nationella databaser | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, sök | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoologiskt register

Uppskattningar baserade på modeller

Index för fylogenetisk mångfald
(Ref. 82804) 		PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.00692 (0.00577 - 0.00829), b=3.09 (3.05 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trofisk nivå
(Ref. 69278) 		3.5   ±0.46 se; based on food items.
Generation time 3.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.
Resiliens
(Ref. 120179) 		Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (tmax=7).
Sårbarhet i fisket
(Ref. 59153) 		Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100). 🛈
Priskategori
(Ref. 80766) 		Low.
Näringsämnen
(Ref. 124155) 		Calcium = 16.7 [7.1, 87.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.673 [0.290, 1.421] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [16.5, 21.8] %; Omega3 = 1.43 [0.76, 2.77] g/100g; Selenium = 10.4 [5.1, 20.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.1 [7.3, 113.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.372 [0.231, 0.630] mg/100g (wet weight);