Brevoortia patronus Goode, 1878
Gulf menhaden
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Brevoortia patronus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
上传你的 图片 和 影像
照片 | 谷歌图片
Brevoortia patronus
图片提供人 McDonald, D.L.
照片 | 谷歌图片
图片提供人 McDonald, D.L.
分类 / 名称 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei > Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Brevoortia: From James Carson Brevoort (1818-1887), studie the fauna from Ohio and South Caroline (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: James Carson Brevoort (1818–1887) was an American collector of coins and rare books. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Goode.
Etymology: Brevoortia: From James Carson Brevoort (1818-1887), studie the fauna from Ohio and South Caroline (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: James Carson Brevoort (1818–1887) was an American collector of coins and rare books. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Goode.
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围 生态学
海洋 pelagic-neritic; 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 188). 亞熱帶的; 31°N - 18°N, 98°W - 80°W
分布 领土 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | 分布图 | 简介 | Faunafri
Western Central Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico (Florida Bay, Gulf of Campeche, Mexico), but no certain records from Caribbean.
中西大西洋: 墨西哥灣 (佛羅里達海灣, 墨西哥的坎佩切灣), 但是沒有來自加勒比海的可靠的紀錄。
中西大西洋: 墨西哥灣 (佛羅里達海灣, 墨西哥的坎佩切灣), 但是沒有來自加勒比海的可靠的紀錄。
首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm 18.5, range 15 - 22.5 cm
Max length : 35.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 7251); common length : 20.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 188)
Max length : 35.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 7251); common length : 20.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 188)
简单描述 检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图
背棘 (总数) : 0; 臀棘: 0. Scutes along belly; upper jaw with median notch. Pelvic fin with rounded hind margin, inner fin rays equal or nearly equal to outer fin rays when fin folded back. Pre-dorsal scales modified; scales in lateral series large, those on back and above anal fin base a little smaller and more irregular than rest. A black spot behind gill opening, followed by a series of spots along flank (Ref. 188). Back bluish gray, Sides brassy green (Ref. 37032).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
鳞甲沿着腹面; 上颌有中央的凹槽。 腹鳍有圆的后缘, 内部的鳍条等于或者几乎等于外部的鳍条何时鳍褶背面。 前背部的鳞片修正; 在侧线列的鳞片大的, 那些背面与上方臀鳍基底稍微比较小与比休息更不规则。 被跟随着一系列的斑点的一个黑色的斑点在后鳃裂沿着侧面。 (参考文献 188) 背面蓝灰色的, 侧边黄铜色的绿色.(参考文献 37032)
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
鳞甲沿着腹面; 上颌有中央的凹槽。 腹鳍有圆的后缘, 内部的鳍条等于或者几乎等于外部的鳍条何时鳍褶背面。 前背部的鳞片修正; 在侧线列的鳞片大的, 那些背面与上方臀鳍基底稍微比较小与比休息更不规则。 被跟随着一系列的斑点的一个黑色的斑点在后鳃裂沿着侧面。 (参考文献 188) 背面蓝灰色的, 侧边黄铜色的绿色.(参考文献 37032)
Occur inshore in summer, but at least some moving into deeper waters from October (Mississippi Delta area). Feed in dense schools, filtering phytoplankton, but probably also feed at the bottom. Apparently breed in winter (October to February, with a peak in January). Salinity tolerance range from 0.1-60 ppt, but the commercial catch is mostly from 5.0-24 ppt. Marketed fresh, salted or canned. Mainly used as source of fish oil; also as fish meal (Ref. 188). Isopod is found in the mouth (Ref. 37032).
在夏天生活在沿岸地区, 但是至少从十月 (密西西比三角州区域) 的一些被迁进的较深的水域. 在密集的鱼群中觅食, 滤食浮游植物, 但是可能也在底部吃。 显然地繁殖冬天时。 (十月到二月,在一月具有一个高峰) 盐度容忍范围 0.1-60个 ppt, 但是商业的捕捉大部份来自 5.0-24个 ppt。 在市场上销售新鲜的，盐腌的或罐装的。 主要地用作了鱼油的来源; 也用作鱼粉.(参考文献 188) 等足目动物被发现于嘴巴。 (参考文献 37032)
在夏天生活在沿岸地区, 但是至少从十月 (密西西比三角州区域) 的一些被迁进的较深的水域. 在密集的鱼群中觅食, 滤食浮游植物, 但是可能也在底部吃。 显然地繁殖冬天时。 (十月到二月,在一月具有一个高峰) 盐度容忍范围 0.1-60个 ppt, 但是商业的捕捉大部份来自 5.0-24个 ppt。 在市场上销售新鲜的，盐腌的或罐装的。 主要地用作了鱼油的来源; 也用作鱼粉.(参考文献 188) 等足目动物被发现于嘴巴。 (参考文献 37032)
生命周期和交配行为 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Make inshore-offshore movements (Ref. 34923). Larvae stay in offshore waters for 3-5 weeks before moving into estuaries where they grow into adults (Ref. 34923).中西大西洋: 墨西哥灣 (佛羅里達海灣, 墨西哥的坎佩切灣), 但是沒有來自加勒比海的可靠的紀錄。
主要参考文献
上传您的参考资料 | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
CITES
Not Evaluated
对人类的威胁
无害处的
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性
FAO - 渔业: 物种外形, landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | 周边海洋
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基于模型的估算
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系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00871 (0.00542 - 0.01399), b=3.14 (3.00 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245). |
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营养阶层 (参考文献 69278) |
2.2 ±0.07 se; based on food items. |
| Generation time | 2.6 (2.2 - 3.0) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 33 growth studies. |
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回复力 (参考文献 120179) |
中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.15-0.47). |
| Rate of population increase | Prior r = 0.62, 95% CL = 0.41 - 0.92, Based on 1 full stock assessment. |
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渔业脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100). 🛈 |
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气候脆弱性 (Ref. 125649) |
High to very high vulnerability (74 of 100). 🛈 |
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价格分类 (Ref. 80766) |
Low. |
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营养素 (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 109 [57, 187] mg/100g; Iron = 1.58 [0.86, 2.78] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.9, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.485 [0.287, 0.818] g/100g; Selenium = 20.8 [11.2, 43.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.3 [3.3, 33.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.17 [0.80, 1.68] mg/100g (wet weight); |