Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina; sötvatten; brackvatten pelagic-neritic; djupintervall 0 - 35 m (Ref. 86940). Tropical; 17°N - 7°S, 17°W - 14°E (Ref. 54448)
Africa: Atlantic coasts from northern parts of Senegal south to Baie de Saint-Bras in Angola (Ref. 188, 3509), also in lagoons and river estuaries (Ref. 188, 81270).
Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm 13.0, range 13 - 18 cm
Max length : 30.0 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 27000); common length : 16.0 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 188); publicerad maxvikt: 144.00 g (Ref. 86940)
Kort beskrivning
Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 0; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 14 - 17; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 45 - 50; Ryggkotor: 42 - 43. Diagnosis: Body moderately deep, compressed, belly with a sharp and serrated keel of scutes from gill opening to anus, 25-27 pre-pelvic and 6-8 post-pelvic sharp scutes (Ref. 187, 188, 81270). Eye large, mouth pointing upwards, lower jaw projecting (Ref. 187, 188). Dorsal fin at or before midpoint of body; anal fin long, with more than 40 finrays, its origin below dorsal fin base; pelvic fins small (Ref. 187, 188). Swimbladder with two short tubes passing back in the muscles on either side of haemal spines (Ref. 188). Other clupeoid fishes in the area are more slender, have a much shorter anal fin and the lower jaw is not strongly projecting (Ref. 188).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Found in the marine environment, pelagic, along beaches and just off shore, down to about 25 m, also in lagoons and estuaries, penetrating into almost freshwater (Ref. 187, 188, 54448). A marine migrant (Ref. 117399). Rarely found below 35 m depth (Ref. 86940). It feeds on small planktonic animals, e.g. small fish and crustaceans; it doesn't seem to feed on plankton (Ref. 188, 3166, 47405).
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: kommersiell
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00676 (0.00558 - 0.00819), b=3.01 (2.96 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278) |
3.6 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies. |
Resiliens (Ref. 120179) |
Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (K=0.8-1.3). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 1.19, 95% CL = 0.79 - 1.79, Based on 3 data-limited stock assessments. |
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (21 of 100). 🛈 |
Sårbarhet för klimatet (Ref. 125649) |
High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100). 🛈 |
Priskategori (Ref. 80766) |
High.
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Näringsämnen (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 206 [110, 411] mg/100g; Iron = 2.01 [1.19, 3.28] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [18.0, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.397 [0.206, 0.739] g/100g; Selenium = 44.4 [20.6, 85.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.2 [8.0, 49.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.52 [1.07, 2.15] mg/100g (wet weight); |