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Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea: Portugal to Morocco and the Azores. Elsewhere, southward to Gulf of Guinea. 東大西洋與地中海: 葡萄牙到摩洛哥與亞速群島。 其他地方, 向南至幾內亞灣。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm? range ? - 5.5 cm Max length : 15.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4738); 最大年龄: 5 年 (Ref. 93355)
背棘 (总数) : 7; 背的软条 (总数) : 9 - 10; 臀棘: 2; 臀鳍软条: 8 - 9. Eye very large, much greater than snout. Pectoral fin long, reaching at least origin of anal fin. Preopercular edge only slightly serrated, preopercular ridge smooth. Body and fins red or pink, back and upper surface of head dusky. Two or three dark spots, sometimes joined, along base of caudal fin. Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed. 眼非常大的, 大于吻。 胸鳍长的, 达到至少臀鳍起点。 前鳃盖骨边缘只些微地锯齿状的, 前鳃盖骨脊平滑的。 身体与鳍红色或头部的粉红色，背面与上表皮暗色的。 二或三个深色斑点,有时结合, 沿着尾鳍基底。
Occasionally forms schools; sometimes solitary. Inhabits muddy or rocky bottoms and caves (Ref. 4738). A sciaphilous species thriving in a number of shady/dark habitats and frequents marine caves, where it forms large schools (Ref. 118281). Feeds on small invertebrates and fishes (Ref. 4738). Observed to feed in the water column and just over the bottom, always at night; 93.4% of observed events occurring outside the caves, usually on rocky bottoms and Posidonia oceanica meadows, and to a lesser extent on pebbles (Ref. 118281). Oral brooding by males (Ref. 4738).
Males incubate eggs in buccal cavity (Ref. 205, 4738, 74407). Embryos do not feed externally in the buccal cavity. Distinct pairing during courtship and spawning (Ref. 205). Internal fertilization and paternal care by mouthbrooding is found to be a rare combination of reproductive strategy (Ref. 74407). Also Ref. 240.東大西洋與地中海: 葡萄牙到摩洛哥與亞速群島。 其他地方, 向南至幾內亞灣。
Tortonese, E., 1986. Apogonidae. p. 803-809. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2. (Ref. 4738)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
