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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Scorpaena porcus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Scorpaena porcus
Picture by Hernández-González, C.L.
Pictures | Stamps, coins, misc. | Google image
Picture by Hernández-González, C.L.
Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei (teleosts) > Perciformes/Scorpaenoidei (Scorpionfishes) > Scorpaenidae (Scorpionfishes or rockfishes) > Scorpaeninae
Etymology: Scorpaena: Latin, scorpaena = a kind of fish, 1706 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Etymology: Scorpaena: Latin, scorpaena = a kind of fish, 1706 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology
Marine; demersal; non-migratory; depth range ? - 800 m (Ref. 4570). Temperate; 55°N - 25°N, 32°W - 42°E
Distribution Territories | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri
Eastern Atlantic: British Isles to the Azores, and the Canary Islands, including Morocco, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm 14.4, range 10 - ? cm
Max length : 40.5 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 33903); common length : 15.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3397); max. published weight: 870.00 g (Ref. 40637)
Max length : 40.5 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 33903); common length : 15.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3397); max. published weight: 870.00 g (Ref. 40637)
Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics
Dorsal spines (total): 12; Dorsal soft rays (total): 7 - 9; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 4 - 6. This species is distinguished by the following characters: D XII,7-9 with the last divided at base; pectoral fin rays 16-18, uppermost branched pectoral fin ray is usually the third (rarely second to fourth); lacrimal usually with 2 spines over maxilla that point at nearly right angle from each other, posterior pointing ventrally and slightly anteriorly; occipital pit is well-developed; anteriormost mandibular lateral line pores are widely separated; scales small, emarginate, no distinct ctenii; scale rows in longitudinal series 56-60; no scales on chest and pectoral fin base; cirri well developed over entire head and body, no cirri on lower jaw (Ref. 122805).
Cross section: compressed.
Cross section: compressed.
Solitary and sedentary. Common among rocks and algae. Feeds on small fishes (gobies, blennies), crustaceans and other invertebrates (Ref. 4570).
Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Main reference
Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators
Fricke, R., D. Golani, B. Applebaum-Golani and U. Zajonz, 2018. Scorpaena decemradiata new species (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae) from the Gulf of Aqaba, northern Red Sea, a species distinct from Scorpaena porcus. Scientia Marina 82(3):1-16. (Ref. 122805)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 14 July 2014
CITES
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Traumatogenic (Ref. 4690)
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us
More information
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturity
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Spawning
Spawning aggregations
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Reproduction
Maturity
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Spawning
Spawning aggregations
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Tools
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Special reports
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Internet sources
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: genus, species | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | National databases | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Public aquariums | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
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Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.01349 (0.01203 - 0.01513), b=3.02 (2.99 - 3.05), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
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Trophic level (Ref. 69278) |
3.9 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies. |
| Generation time | 6.4 (6.0 - 10.3) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10 growth studies. |
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Resilience (Ref. 120179) |
Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.2-0.5; tmax=8). |
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Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100). 🛈 |
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100). 🛈 |
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Price category (Ref. 80766) |
Low. |
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Nutrients (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 34.5 [19.3, 77.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.359 [0.197, 0.663] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.6, 19.6] %; Omega3 = 1.09 [0.49, 3.04] g/100g; Selenium = 19.6 [10.1, 44.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.9 [5.5, 53.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.525 [0.377, 0.761] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |