البيئة: الوسط / المنطقة المناخية / نطاق العمق / نطاق التوزيع
البيئة
بحري; مياه مخلوطة مرتبطة بالشعاب; نطاق العمق 1 - 80 m (Ref. 58302). Tropical; 35°N - 35°S, 24°E - 135°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and the east coast of Africa to the Hawaiian Islands and Samoa, north to Japan (Ref. 559), south to the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819) and northern Australia.
الطول عند النضج الأول / الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm ?, range 17 - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 30573); common length : 26.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 30573)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 9; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 22 - 25; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 18 - 21. This species is distinguished by the following characters: adipose eyelid well developed and completely covering eye except for a vertical slit centred on pupil; shoulder girdle (cleithrum) margin smooth, without papillae; terminal dorsal and anal rays finlet-like in adults, about twice length of adjacent rays and a little more separated but joined by interradial membrane; lateral line gently arched anteriorly, with junction of curved and straight parts below vertical from sixth to eighth soft rays of second dorsal fin; scales in curved part of lateral line 39 to 57; straight part with 0 to 10 scales and 36 to 49 scutes; a black spot, slightly smaller than eye, on upper margin of opercle and adjacent area of shoulder; dorsal and caudal fins dusky greenish yellow; anal fin pale yellow (Ref. 9894).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Adults inhabit mangroves and coastal bays in pelagic waters (Ref. 58302). They form schools to about 50 m in inshore waters (Ref. 9894), or singly (Ref. 48635). Are mainly diurnal. They feed mainly on crustaceans and planktonic invertebrates such as copepods, including cephalopods (Ref. 5213, 90102). They swim fast in midwater in pursuit of zooplankton (Ref. 48635).
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
حالة القائمة الحمراء للاتحاد الدولي لحفظ الطبيعة والموارد الطبيعية (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً; لعبة سمكه: نعم
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
تنزيل XML
مصادر علي الأنترنت
تقديرات تستند إلى النماذج
مؤشر التنوع الشُعبي الوراثي (مرجع 82804) |
PD50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01318 (0.01177 - 0.01477), b=2.97 (2.94 - 3.00), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
مستوى غذائي (مرجع 69278) |
4.2 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies. |
المرونه (مرجع 120179) |
عالي, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أقل من 15 شهر (K=0.58-1.00; Fec=63,000-161,000 (batch fecundity)). |
ضعف الصيد (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (18 of 100). 🛈 |
قابلية التأثر بالمناخ (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100). 🛈 |
فئة السعر (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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المغذيات (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 79.4 [45.4, 166.2] mg/100g; Iron = 1.04 [0.59, 1.83] mg/100g; Protein = 20 [19, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.193 [0.120, 0.326] g/100g; Selenium = 33.1 [17.7, 62.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 87.6 [28.1, 279.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.17 [0.79, 1.61] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |