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Teleostei >
Carangiformes (Jacks)
鱸形目 (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos)
鰺科 (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Caranx: French, carangue, the name of a Caribbean fish; 1836 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Günther.
環境: 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 pelagic-oceanic; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - 350 m (Ref. 9283). 亞熱帶的; 33°N - 7°S, 119°W - 76°W
Eastern Pacific: San Diego, California, USA to Peru, including the Gulf of California and the Galapagos Islands. Probably the same species as Caranx hippos in the Atlantic.
東太平洋: 聖地牙哥,美國加州到祕魯, 包括加州灣與加拉巴哥群島。 在大西洋的可能同種 馬鰺〔Caranx hippos〕 。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 101 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 60.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9283); 最大體重: 17.7 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年齡: 15 年 (Ref. 98594)
Body deep, elongated and slightly compressed; eye with an adipose eyelid; posterior edge of lower jaw behind posterior edge of eye; chest mostly scaleless, just a small patch in front of pectoral fins; 35 to 42 strong scutes; back of body blue to blue black; belly white, silvery, or yellow; pectoral fins and operculum each with a black spot (Ref. 55763).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Adults occur in oceanic and coastal waters, commonly found in shallow water, with larger individuals up to 350 m depth (Ref. 9283). Also found in brackish water and occasionally ascend rivers (Ref. 9283). They form medium-sized to big schools, but large adults may be solitary (Ref. 9283). They feed mainly on fishes, but also takes shrimps and other invertebrates (Ref. 9283). Often makes a grunting sound when captured (Ref. 9283). Juveniles are often found in river estuaries (Ref. 9283). Marketed fresh, frozen, smoked and salted or dried; also utilized as fishmeal and a source of oil (Ref. 9283).
出現於大洋性的與沿岸水域, 普遍發現於淺水區, 有較大的個體向上到 350 公尺深.(參考文獻 9283) 也發現於半淡鹹水而且偶然地溯河。 (參考文獻 9283) 形成中等大小的到大的魚群,但是大的成魚可能是獨居性。 (參考文獻 9283) 稚魚時常被發現於河口。 (參考文獻 9283) 主要吃魚, 也捕食蝦與其他的無脊椎動物.(參考文獻 9283) 時常製造一哼聲音當捕獲.(參考文獻 9283) 在市場上銷售生鮮地了, 冷凍, 煙燻了與鹽醃或乾燥的; 也利用了製成魚粉與一個油的來源。 (參考文獻 9283)
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東太平洋: 聖地牙哥,美國加州到祕魯, 包括加州灣與加拉巴哥群島。 在大西洋的可能同種 馬鰺〔Caranx hippos〕 。
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 30 April 2008
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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基於模型的估計
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01445 (0.00923 - 0.02265), b=2.95 (2.83 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
營養階層 (參考文獻 69278) |
3.9 ±0.61 se; based on food items. |
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Generation time |
5.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies. |
回復力 (參考文獻 120179) |
中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.2; assumed tm=2.4; tmax=15). |
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100). 🛈 |
價格種類 (Ref. 80766) |
High.
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營養素 (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 28.6 [11.4, 60.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.665 [0.328, 1.382] mg/100g; Protein = 20.4 [18.1, 22.9] %; Omega3 = 0.388 [0.210, 0.722] g/100g; Selenium = 35.6 [15.3, 84.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.38 [2.23, 21.63] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.416 [0.252, 0.668] mg/100g (wet weight); |