محیط زیست: محیط زیست / منطقه آب و هوایی / تغييرات عمق / محدوده توزیع
بوم شناسي
دريايي; لب شور pelagic-neritic. Tropical; 35°N - 20°S
Eastern Pacific: Mexico to Ecuador. Also reported from Paita, Peru (Ref. 5530).
اندازه / وزن / سن
بلوغ: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 28.2 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 124487); common length : 20.0 cm FL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 9283); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 145.24 g (Ref. 124487)
Body strongly compressed and elongate (depth from 4.5 to 5.4 times in standard length); posterior end of upper jaw reaching middle of eye; upper jaw teeth small and villiform; lower branch of first gill arch with 19 to 22 gill rakers; scales small but visible, needle-shaped, embedded in the skin; back dark gray; belly and flanks silvery or blue gray with yellow highlights; dorsal and anal fins charcoal colored; pelvic fins white; pectoral and caudal fins yellow (Ref. 55763).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Adults are found in littoral waters (Ref. 9283). They tolerate low salinities and may temporarily penetrate estuarine waters (Ref. 9283). The dorsal and anal spines are connected to venomous glands that can cause painful wounds (Ref. 9283). Marketed fresh and salted or dried (Ref. 9283).
چرخه زندگی و رفتار جفتگیری
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | باروری | توزاد ( لارو)
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1995. Carangidae. Jureles, pámpanos, cojinúas, zapateros, cocineros, casabes, macarelas, chicharros, jorobados, medregales, pez pilota. p. 940-986. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9283)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: ارزش تحاري اندك
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
تخمینها بر اساس مدلها
شاخص تنوع فیلوژنتیکی (مرجع 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00708 (0.00431 - 0.01163), b=2.94 (2.80 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
سطح تروفیک (مرجع 69278) |
4.2 ±0.73 se; based on food items. |
جهندگی (مرجع 120179) |
زياد, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت ، كمتر از 15 ماه (Preliminary K or Fecundity.). |
آسیبپذیری ماهیگیری (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (23 of 100). 🛈 |
طبقه قيمت (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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مواد مغذی (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 217 [128, 551] mg/100g; Iron = 2.13 [1.22, 4.01] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [18.2, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.322 [0.175, 0.610] g/100g; Selenium = 32.4 [15.8, 67.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 35.9 [10.5, 107.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.37 [0.94, 1.99] mg/100g (wet weight); |