Oreochromis karongae, Karonga tilapia : fisheries

Oreochromis karongae (Trewavas, 1941)

Karonga tilapia
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Image of Oreochromis karongae (Karonga tilapia)
Oreochromis karongae
عکس از Ueberschär, B.

رده بندی / نام‌ها اسامي عام | مترادف | Catalog of Fishes(جنس, گونه ها) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies) > Cichlidae (Cichlids) > Pseudocrenilabrinae
Etymology: Oreochromis: Latin, aurum = gold + Greek, chromis = a fish, perhaps a perch (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Trewavas.

Taxonomic Remarks
Turner and Robinson (1991) (Ref. 55079) conclude that Oreochromis saka is a junior synonym of O. karongae (also Ref. 6150), although Turner et al. (1989) (Ref. 40180) reported O. squamipinnis to be most similar to O. saka and O. karongae the most divergent (Ref. 55954).

محیط زیست: محیط زیست / منطقه آب و هوایی / تغييرات عمق / محدوده توزیع بوم شناسي

; آب شيرين موجوداتی که در محدوده وسیعی از آبهای آزاد از نزدیک بستر و یا روی کف بستر، در قسمت های میان آبی تا سطح آب و در برخی گونه ها با قابلیت پرواز، زندگی و تغذیه می کنند.; تغييرات عمق 0 - 50 m (Ref. 118638), usually 0 - 10 m (Ref. 5595). Tropical; 22°C - 28°C; 8°S - 15°S

پراكنش سرزمین‌ها | مناطق سازمان خوار و بار جهاني (FAO) | اکوسیستم‌ها | ظهور | نقشه نقطه ای | معرفي | Faunafri

Africa: Lake Malawi and its catchment (Ref. 2, 5166, 118630, 118638), including crater lake Itamba and Ikapu (Ref. 118638).

طول در اولین بلوغ / اندازه / وزن / سن

بلوغ: Lm 28.9, range 20 - 38 cm
Max length : 42.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 6150); 38.0 cm SL (female)

توصيف مختصر كليدهاي شناسايي | ريخت شناسي | ريخت ستجي بوسيله انداره گيري

خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 15 - 17; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 10 - 12; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 3; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 8 - 10; مهره ها: 30 - 32. Diagnosis: A heavily-built large tilapia species with a wide rounded head and short jaws; individuals vary a lot in dentition, with some having very wide bands of jaw teeth (Ref. 118638). Head length 30.8-36.0% of standard length; lower pharyngeal with large toothed area with straight or slightly convex sides; median length of pharyngeal bone 1.14-1.32 times its width and 38.2-42.2% of head length; blade 1.0-1.7 times median length of toothed area; length of lower jaw 28.4-34.5% of head length; teeth of jaws in 4-6 rows (Ref. 2). Females and juveniles with greyish-brown bodies and 4-5 vertical bars (Ref. 118638). Males are black with a white margin to the dorsal and tailfins; the genital tassel can be long and branched and pinkish to bright yellow (Ref. 2, 118638). It is one of the 'chambo' group Oreochromis from the Lake Malawi catchment; females and non-territorial males cannot be reliably distinguished from those of Oreochromis squamipinnis; females and non-territorial males from Lake Ikapu are a bright golden colour (Ref. 118638).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.

زيست شناسي     واژه نامه (بعنوان مثال epibenthic)

It is found in all kinds of habitats; it has been observed in shallow vegetated bays, in intermediate habitats, over sand, and in purely rocky biotopes (Ref. 5595). At most locations it is found at shallow levels, rarely deeper than 10 metres (Ref. 5595), but it can be present from the surface waters to depths of 40-50m (Ref. 118638). It feeds on phytoplankton and on diatom sediment on the sand; the so-called 'multitooth' morph at Cape Maclear grazes from rocks and might harvest the loose aufwuchs (Ref. 5595). A maternal mouthbrooder; males defend territories from shallow water down to at least 28m; males dig pits, which are sometimes huge craters with a small raised platform of fine sand (Ref. 118638). It is an important component of the fisheries catch in Lake Malawi (Ref. 118638). The IUCN conservation status is rated as endangered, based on declining fishery catches due to overfishing (Ref. 118638).

چرخه زندگی و رفتار جفت‌گیری بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | باروری | توزاد ( لارو)

A maternal mouthbrooder; males defend territories from shallow water down to at least 28m; males dig pits, which are sometimes huge craters with a small raised platform of fine sand (Ref. 118638). Breeding period extends over several months as noted in Lake Malombe, at present one of the main breeding areas for this species (Ref. 6150). Males build nests on a variety of substrata and at depths of 0.5m to at least 28m; nests generally 0.3-1.9m diameter, with dimensions correlated to male size (Ref. 55079). Nest with a characteristic spawning cone in its center (Ref. 5595). Courtship appears to occur mainly in the early morning (Ref. 40193, 55079), and consist of leading, followed by tilting and head-down quivering if the female follows the male to the nest (Ref. 40193). A female with 324 young of 15mm long in the mouth has been caught (Ref. 2781). Females keep guarding their fry until they are about 24 mm (Ref. 2781, 6150).

مآخذ اصلی مراجع خود را بارگذاری کنید | مراجع | هماهنگ كننده : Kullander, Sven O. | همكاران

Trewavas, E. and G.G. Teugels, 1991. Oreochromis. p. 307-346. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Checklist of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5166)

وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  درمعرض خطر بحرانی (CR) (A2d); Date assessed: 22 May 2018

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

خطر برای انسان ها

  Harmless





استفاده انسانی

ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

اطلاعات بيشتر

بوم‌شناسی گرمسیری
اقلام غذایی (طعمه‌ها)
تركيب غذايي
مصرف غذايي
جیره غذایی
شکارچیان
بوم شناسي
بوم شناسي
پویایی جمعیت
پارامترهای رشد
حداکثر سن/اندازه
نسبت طول-وزن.
طول-طول نسبی.
نوسانات طولی
تبدیل انبوه
بازسازی
فراواني
چرخه زندگی
تولید مثل
بلوغ
بلوغ/آبشش‌ها
باروری
تخم ریزی
تجمعات تخم‌ریزی
تخم ها
نمو تخم
توزاد ( لارو)
پويايي لاروي
آناتومی
منطقه آبششي
مغز
اتولیت
فیزیولوژی
ترکیب بدن
مواد مغذی
مصرف اکسیژن
نوع شنا
سرعت شنا
رنگدانه‌های بصری
صدای ماهی
بیماری‌ها و انگل‌ها
سمیت (LC50s)
ژنتيك
ژنوم
ژنتيك
هتروزیگوسیتی
وارث
تنوع ژنتیکی
مرتبط با انسان
سیستم‌های آبزی‌پروری
نمايه هاي آبزي پروري
نژادها
موارد سیگواترا
تمبر، سکه، متفرقه.
اطلاع رسانی
همكاران
مراجع
مراجع

ابزارها

گزارش های ويژه

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منابع اينترنتي

AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | فيش واچر را ببينيد | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: جنس, گونه ها | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: برو, جستجو | World Records Freshwater Fishing | سوابق جانورشناسی

تخمین‌ها بر اساس مدل‌ها

شاخص تنوع فیلوژنتیکی
(مرجع 82804)
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.01202 (0.00690 - 0.02094), b=2.97 (2.82 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
سطح تروفیک
(مرجع 69278)
2.0   ±0.00 se; based on food items.
جهندگی
(مرجع 120179)
متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (K=0.24-0.56).
آسیب‌پذیری ماهیگیری
(Ref. 59153)
Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100). 🛈
طبقه قيمت
(Ref. 80766)
Unknown.
مواد مغذی
(Ref. 124155)
Calcium = 14 [6, 73] mg/100g; Iron = 1.21 [0.54, 2.88] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.2, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.387 [0.134, 1.079] g/100g; Selenium = 85 [31, 197] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19.7 [4.5, 81.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.06 [1.13, 4.89] mg/100g (wet weight);