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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Dipturus batis AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
muatnaik fotos/gambar dan video
Gambar | Perangko, koin, dll. | imej Google
Dipturus batis
Male foto/gambar oleh Cambraia Duarte, P.M.N. (c)ImagDOP
Gambar | Perangko, koin, dll. | imej Google
Male foto/gambar oleh Cambraia Duarte, P.M.N. (c)ImagDOP
klasifikasi / Nama Nama-nama umum | Sinonim (persamaan) | Catalog of Fishes(Marga, Jenis) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Ikan bertulang rawan (sharks and rays) > Rajiformes (Skates and rays) > Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Dipturus: Greek, di = two + Greek, pteryx = fin (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Etymology: Dipturus: Greek, di = two + Greek, pteryx = fin (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi Ekologi
laut dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 100 - 1000 m (Ref. 4426), usually 30 - 600 m (Ref. 127222). Temperate; 70°N - 48°N, 30°W - 20°E (Ref. 127222)
Penyebaran Wilayah | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ekosistem | Kemunculan | peta titik | Introduksi | Faunafri
Northeast Atlantic from Iceland and Scandinavia to the Bay of Biscay, including the United Kingdom, Ireland, and coasts of northwest Europe, up to the Scandinavian Peninsula and into the Skagerrak and Kattegat.
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm 160.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 285 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 35388); common length : 100.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3261); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 113.0 kg (Ref. 114424); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 51 Tahun (Ref. 4483)
Max length : 285 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 35388); common length : 100.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3261); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 113.0 kg (Ref. 114424); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 51 Tahun (Ref. 4483)
deskripsi pendek Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 0; Duri dubur: 0. This species is characterized by the following: snout broadly angular, length 5-6.3 times orbit length; disc broadly rhombic, anterior margin deeply concave; a row of 12-31 predorsal thorns in median row along tail (disc smooth in young; denticles confined to dorsal head and along anterior disc margin on both surfaces in adults; disc thorns small in young, largely absent in adults); lateral thorns on tail perpendicular to body axis; interspace between dorsal fins 1.2 ± 0.4 TL, the fins rounded, upright, near tail tip; upper surface olive-grey or brown with a variable pattern of light blotches, with yellowish ring-like markings; underside greyish; iris yellowish (Ref. 114953, 127223).
Body shape (shape guide): other; Cross section: flattened.
Body shape (shape guide): other; Cross section: flattened.
Benthic species in shelf and slope waters, mainly within the 200 m range along the continental shelf, but down to 600 m along continental slopes and seamounts (Ref. 127222). Feeds on all kinds of bottom invertebrates and fish, including other skates (Ref. 114953). Oviparous, with long embryonic development. Males reach maturity at ca. 115 cm TL, females at 123 cm TL; birth size at ca. 21 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Biology may be unclear due to past taxonomic confusion Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Mate in spring and the egg capsules are laid during the summer. Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 10.6-24.5 cm long and 5.0-14.5 cm wide (Ref. 41250). About 40 eggs per individual are laid annually (Ref. 41250). Flesh is marketed fresh or smoked (Ref. 35388).
Siklus hidup dan perilaku kawin Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fekunditas | Larva
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Egg-cases laid in spring and summer, very large (Ref. 3167). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs have horn-like projections on the shell (Ref. 205).
rujukan utama
Unggah referensi Anda | Acuan | Koordinator : McEachran, John | mitra
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
sangat terancam (CR) (A2bcd); Date assessed: 02 April 2021
CITES
Not Evaluated
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; Ikan buruan: ya
FAO - Perikanan: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | Laut di Sekitar Kita
informasi lanjut
Dinamika populasi
Parameter pertumbuhan
Maks. usia / ukuran
Panjang-berat rel.
Panjang-panjang rel.
ukuran frekuensi
Konversi massa
pemulihan
Kelimpahan
Parameter pertumbuhan
Maks. usia / ukuran
Panjang-berat rel.
Panjang-panjang rel.
ukuran frekuensi
Konversi massa
pemulihan
Kelimpahan
Siklus hidup
Reproduksi, perkembang biakan
Kematangan
Kedewasaan / insang rel.
Fekunditas
Pemijahan
Agregasi pemijahan
telur-telur
pekembangan telor
Larva
Dinamika larva
Reproduksi, perkembang biakan
Kematangan
Kedewasaan / insang rel.
Fekunditas
Pemijahan
Agregasi pemijahan
telur-telur
pekembangan telor
Larva
Dinamika larva
Anatomi
Area insang
Otak
Otolith
Area insang
Otak
Otolith
Fisiologi
Komposisi tubuh
Nutrisi
Konsumsi oksigen
Jenis renang
Kecepatan berenang
Pigmen visual
Suara ikan
Penyakit & Parasit
Toksisitas (LC50)
Komposisi tubuh
Nutrisi
Konsumsi oksigen
Jenis renang
Kecepatan berenang
Pigmen visual
Suara ikan
Penyakit & Parasit
Toksisitas (LC50)
Yang berhubungan dengan manusia
Sistem akuakultur
profil budidaya air
Strain
Kasus Ciguatera
Perangko, koin, dll.
Sistem akuakultur
profil budidaya air
Strain
Kasus Ciguatera
Perangko, koin, dll.
Alat, peralatan
E-book | Penuntun lapangan | Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | tanda freqkuenci panjang | peringkat sejarah hidup | peta titik |
Tangkap-MSY |
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | semak peneliti ikan | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Marga, Jenis | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Perikanan: landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Pangkalan data nasional | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: pergi, Cari | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Catatan Zoologi
Estimasi berdasarkan model
|
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00331 (0.00198 - 0.00554), b=3.20 (3.06 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
|
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan 69278) |
3.5 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies. |
| Generation time | 19.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies. |
|
Daya lenting (Acuan 120179) |
sangat rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum lebih dari 14 tahun (K=0.06; tm=11; tmax=51; fec = 40). |
|
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref. 59153) |
Very high vulnerability (86 of 100). 🛈 |
|
Kerentanan Iklim (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100). 🛈 |
|
kategori harga (Ref. 80766) |
Medium. |
|
Nutrisi (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 5.44 [0.70, 105.27] mg/100g; Iron = 0.623 [0.058, 8.004] mg/100g; Protein = 16.2 [14.1, 18.2] %; Omega3 = 0.357 [0.147, 0.840] g/100g; Selenium = 50.9 [9.5, 261.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.02 [0.31, 51.49] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.371 [0.023, 4.306] mg/100g (wet weight); |